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Процесс обучения традиционно связан с нравственно-этическими нормами, сопутствующими каждому уроку и внеурочной деятельности. Уроки английского языка, включающие темы "Театр", "Кино", "Мой город", "Традиции и обычаи" и т.д., как никакие другие предметы, всегда развивали лучшие качества в детях всех возрастов на классических примерах искусства и литературы. Распад СССР, экономическая нестабильность и отсутствие идеологических ориентиров в обществе заставляют искать новые подходы в нравственно-этическом воспитании учащихся, не отказываясь от исторически сложившихся и проверенных многолетней практикой.
Время реальных международных контактов и внедрение в образовательный процесс новых учебных пособий, изданных в странах носителей языка (Великобритания, США и др.), предполагают новые возможности осуществления нравственно-эстетического воспитания учащихся.
Нельзя не согласиться с авторами нового учебного комплекса (A. Littlejohn, D. Hicks) издания Кембриджского Университета в определении общих задач, направленных на создание творческой атмосферы в детских коллективах:
умение быть терпимыми;
умение быть гибкими;
поощрение ситуации выбора и принятие решений учащимися;
взаимное уважение;
моральная ответственность учителя как организатора учебного процесса.
К главным достоинствам этого нового учебно-методического комплекса (УМК) можно отнести ряд методических приёмов, направленных на формирование у учащихся личностного отношения к обучению и потребности быть вовлечёнными в мировой процесс созидания на основе общечеловеческих ценностей. Среди наиболее интересных методических приёмов можно выделить следующие:
интервьюирование родителей с целью сопоставить традиции и обычаи, ценности прошлого и настоящего;
групповые проекты;
рецензирование заданий друг друга;
составление собственных тестов для класса.
Не всё в УМК можно принять безоговорочно и однозначно. Бесспорно одно: новые учебники - это приглашение к размышлению и сотрудничеству на основе международных стандартов теории и практики педагогики.
Авторы новых учебных пособий не дают конкретных рекомендаций и готовых сценариев внеклассных мероприятий. Они побуждают учеников и учителей быть соавторами создания песен, стихов, рассказов, сценок, теле- и радиопрограмм. Проблемы, обсуждаемые в диалогах: "Как бы вы поступили, если нашли бы деньги или что-то ценное на улице?", "Что вы будете делать, если учитель попросит вас рассказать о проступке друга?", "Всегда ли гуманно давать деньги обездоленным?", "Справедливо ли требовать компенсации у друга за испорченную вещь?", - близки и понятны детям. Вопросы, поставленные авторами, не подразумевают одинаковых ответов. Ученикам предлагается закончить эти рассказы дома. Лучшие истории драматизируются и показываются в других группах в урочное и внеурочное время. Родители-энтузиасты записывают эти выступления на видеоплёнку, которая потом просматривается и обсуждается. Это даёт возможность учащемуся увидеть себя со стороны.
Особая роль в системе методических приёмов по установлению и совершенствованию нравственно-этических норм принадлежит драматизации литературных отрывков на уроках и во внеурочной деятельности.
Подобная работа всегда осуществлялась на практике в нашей школе. Здесь работали прекрасные педагоги Карпова Ф.Г., долгие годы возглавлявшая Клуб Интернациональной Дружбы, Доронина М.А. и др., учившие многих учителей режиссуре и актерскому мастерству.
Клуб интернациональной дружбы долгое время оставался центром внеклассной работы, стимулируя интерес учащихся к переписке на английском языке с детьми других стран и встречам с носителями языка. Драматизация произведений англо-язычных писателей и инсценировки самих учащихся на сцене нашей школы всегда проходили живо и интересно.
За последние годы спектакли, поставленные нами: "Сотворившая чудо" М. Гибсона (в постановке совместно с Ярулиной Л.А.), "Пигмалион" Б. Шоу (в постановке вместе с Панфёровой Г.С.), "Время уходит" Д. Робинсон, "Сказка о потерянном времени" М. Шварца, - были тепло встречены детьми и родителями школы.
В настоящее время в программу по домашнему чтению авторы новых учебных комплексов предлагают включить целые серии книг современных авторов, которые драматизируются учащимися в урочное и внеурочное время. Учитель выбирает по одной книге для каждой группы, которая прочитывается в течение одной четверти. В течение года все группы прочитывают по 4-5 книг одноимённых авторов. В конце года силами самих учащихся осуществляются постановки по мотивам этих книг по собственным сценариям. Роли для каждого спектакля распределяются таким образом, чтобы в каждой постановочной версии участвовали 2 состава. Таким образом, практически все учащиеся вовлечены в работу. На заключительный вечер для работы в жюри приглашаются преподаватели школы и студенты Педагогического университета. Они выбирают лучших по трём номинациям - лучший рассказчик, лучший актёр (актриса), лучший сценарий. Главная задача данной работы - поощрение творческих возможностей каждого ученика. Нижеприведённые сценарии - результат совместных усилий всех учеников в течение года.
Сценарии внеклассного мероприятия по мотивам произведений: "My family and other animals" (G. Durrell), "Little women" (L.M. Alcott), "My fair lady" (A.J. Lerner), "Rain man" (L. Fleischer)
My family and other animals by G. Durrell
Characters:
Mother
Leslie
Larry
Margo
Gerald
Teacher
Narrator
Act I
The dining-room of the Durrell family`s house. Three persons are standing around the table. One is Leslie, the second is Larry, the third is Margo. Children look very excited. Mrs. Durrell is sitting with a book at the table.
Narrator: - The Durrells, an English family, go to live on the Greek Island of Corfu. Gerald, the youngest son, is about 10 y.o. He is interested in plants and animals - all sorts of animals. G. Durrell was born in 1925. He lived in a number of different countries when he was young. Later he travelled to many parts of the world to find animals and to make films about them. In 1959 he started a zoo on the British island of Jersey.
Larry: - There are animals in every corner of the house. There is danger at any time of the day or night.
Larry: - Why do we stay in England in this weather? They are ill and you are looking older every day.
Mother (reading at that time): - I am not.
Larry: - You are. We need sunshine... a country where we can grow.
Mother: - Yes, dear. That`s a good idea.
Larry: - George says Corfu`s wonderful. Why don`t we go there?
Mother: - If you like, dear.
Larry: - When?
Mother: - Perhaps, you can go first and look at the place. If it`s nice we can all follow.
Larry (looking at her): - You said that last time I waited in Spain for 2 months and you didn`t come. No, if we are going to Greece, let`s go together.
Mother: - But I have only just bought this house!
Larry: - Sell it again then!
Mother: - That`s stupid, dear. I can`t do that.
Leslie: - We will travel by train with our cloths and our most important belongings: mother`s cook books, my guns, something for Margo`s sports, Larry`s books, Gerald`s favourite insects and Roger`s dog.
Margo: - From Italy, I think, we may catch a boat. We will sleep when the boat leaves and then, very early the next morning, we will watch for Corfu. The sea will turn blue, then purple, and suddenly there will be a sleeping island in front of us.
Act II
Narrator: - Mother decides that Gerald needs a teacher. This is a problem on a Greek island where they came.
Leslie: - He is all right. He can read, can`t he? And I can teach him to shoot.
Margo: - He really must learn to dance.
Mother: - Yes, dear. But first he needs French... and handwriting - that sort of thing.
Larry: - The child is only interested in one subject. Every time I open a matchbox an insect flies out. George could teach him.
Mother: - That's a very good idea. I have already thought about the teacher. I wrote a letter to him yesterday. I think he must be here in a minute. Oh, here is he.
Teacher: - It's nice to meet you. I am Mr. Roozvelt. You may call me George.
Mother: - Hi, George. Let me introduce my children. My sons Leslie, Larry, Gerald, my daughter Margo. It`s Gerald who needs you.
Teacher: - Hi, Gerald. I hope we`ll become friends.
Gerald: - I am very pleased to meet you.
Teacher: - Your mother wrote to me you like insects. Like you I am a lover of plants and animals too.
Gerald: - Now... er... There is a kind of spider in Corfu that...er... builds homes like that... of course it is possible that I am wrong... perhaps, you would like to come and see? I mean, if it is not too much trouble.
Teacher: - Why not? I can walk with you now. Thank you, George, for a wonderful tea. I hope a present for you will be useful for your studies. It is not a very good microscope but it will help you with your field work.
My Fair Lady by A.J. Lerner
Characters:
Mrs. Pearce
Mr. Higgins
Mr. Doolittle
Eliza
Mr. Pickering
Narrator
Act IV
The professor`s work-room. Mr. Pickering is sitting in a comfortable armchair. The room is very dark but we can see a desk with untidy papers all over it and a telephone. Round the room there are different machines and pictures of mouths and lips and tongues on some of the walls. Other walls are full of lines of books - thousands of books. Strange sounds are coming from a small recording machine in one corner. Higgins is standing next to the machine listening carefully.
Narrator: - My fair lady is the story of Eliza Doolittle - a young London woman with a very strong London accent - and Professor Higgins - the man who decides to teach her to speak English without her accent. This is partly a story about the way the English think about people who speak their language with different accents. But it is more famously a wonderful story about growing love between two very different people - a story full of enjoyable music and songs.
Mrs. Pearce: - Mr. Higgins, there is a man downstairs, Mr. Alfred Doolittle. He wants to see you - he says you have his daughter here.
Higgins: - Send him up.
Doolittle: - Mr. Higgins?
Higgins: - Here!
Doolittle: - I`ve come about something very serious, sir. I want my daughter back. See?
Higgins: - Of course, you want her back. She is your daughter, isn`t she? She is upstairs. You can take her away immediately.
Doolittle: - What?
Higgins: - Take her away. I am not going to keep your daughter away from you. And don`t try asking me for money because she`s stayed here with us, or I`ll call the police.
Doolittle (turning to Pickering): - I have not asked for a penny. Have I?
Higgins: - Mrs. Pearce, Eliza`s father has come to take her away. Give her to him.
Doolittle: - Now, wait a minute, sir. You and I are men of the word, aren`t we? If you really want to keep Eliza here may be we can come to some agreement about it. I can see you`re an honest sort of man - well, what`s 5 pounds to you and what`s Eliza to me?
Higgins: - You know, Pickering, this is a clever man, with a very clever tongue. I think I am going to give him 10 pounds, not just 5.
Doolittle: - Oh, no, sir, not 10 pounds. You give me what I asked for and not a penny more.
Higgins put 5 pounds into Alfred`s hand.
Doolittle: - Oh, thank you, sir.
Eliza: - I won't. I won't. I won't. I won`t say those stupid sounds one more time! What are you doing here (looking at her father)?
Mr. Doolittle: - You hold your tongue, my girl. And don`t give this gentleman any trouble, ever. You hear? Good afternoon (he went out of the door).
Higgins: - There is a clever man for you.
Eliza: - What did he come here for?
Higgins: - Just say those sounds again.
Eliza: - Ahyee, eeee, iyee, ow, u! I have said them again and again for the last three days and I won`t say them again! You have not got a heart.
Higgins: - Eliza, you will learn to pronounce those sounds in the right way before this evening, or you will have no supper and no chocolate (he walked out, closing the door hard behind him).
Eliza: - Just you wait, Henry Higgins, just you wait! You`ll be sorry - you`ll pay you back for this!
Higgins: - The rain in Spain stays mainly in the plain. And in Hertford, Hereford and Hampshire, hurricans hardly ever happen and how kind of you to let me come.
Eliza: I can not. I`m so tired. I`m so tired.
Higgins: Now try again (Eliza tries again and pronounces it perfectly). By George, she`s got it!
Little women by L.M. Alcott
Characters:
Narrator
Mrs. March
Meg
Jo
Amy
Beth
Hannah
Act I
The family is sitting around the table. They look tired and sad.
Narrator: - The story of the 4 March sisters srarts one year on the 24th of December. We follow the 4 girls through the next year and read about the adventures. L.M. Alcott was born in 1832 in Pennsylvania, USA. "Little Women" was her first book for children. She used the people and their problems to help her write about the March family.
Mrs. March: - I`m Mrs. March and these are my daughters. I think we are a friendly family.
Meg: - I`m Meg. I`m 16. I`m the oldest of the girls. I`m very pretty with brown hair, large eyes and small smooth white hands.
Jo: - I`m Jo. I`m 15. I`m very tall, thin and brown, with beautiful long, thick hair. But I`m not interested in my face and my hair. I would like to be a boy.
Beth: - I`m Beth. I`m 13. I`m a shy but calm girl.
Amy: - I`m Amy. I`m the youngest but the most important member of the family. I`m very white with long yellow hair and big blue eyes.
Jo: - It`s Christmas day tomorrow - and we don`t have any presents.
Meg: - I know, Jo, it`s terrible to be poor.
Amy: - We don`t have anything. And other girls have lots of things.
Beth: - We have Father and Mother.
Jo: - We don`t have Father, and we won`t have him for a long time.
Meg: - Mother thinks it is going to be a hard winter for everyone and she says presents are not important.
Jo: - We each have a dollar. We can buy something with that. I want to buy a new book.
Beth: - No, let`s buy mother something for Christmas. She works hard and takes nothing for herself.
Mrs. March: - Look, girls, a letter from father. He is well and sends you all love and kisses.
Beth: - When will he come home, Mammy?
Mrs. March: - Not for many months. He will stay and do his work for as long as he can. And remember that we must all work to, to help the poor soldiers at war (she goes away).
Meg: - Where is Mammy?
Hannah: - I don`t know. Someone called at the door earlier and your mother went with them.
Mrs. March: - Merry Christmas, my little daughters. Listen, girls. I`ve just been to see a poor woman who lives not far from here. Mrs. Hummel has 6 children and a new baby, and they have no fire and nothing to eat, so they are all cold and hungry on this Christmas morning. Will you give those poor children your breakfast for a Christmas present?
Jo: - It's good that you came before we started eating.
Beth: - Of course, we must take food to the poor children.
Amy: - Oh, where did this come from?
Meg: - Mother did it.
Mrs. March: - No, you are wrong. Old Mr. Laurence sent it.
Meg: - The old man across the street? The Laurence boy`s grandfather, but why? We don`t know him.
Mrs. March: - Hannah told one of his servants about your breakfast present to the Hummels and that pleased him very much. He thinks you are very nice girls.
Girls: - What a wonderful Christmas Day!
Rainman by L. Fleischer
Characters:
Charlie Babbitt
Raymond Babbitt
Susanna
Lawyer
Narrator
Narrator: - When Charlie Babbitt`s father dies, he is sure he will get all the rich man`s money. But Charlie is wrong. The money has gone to someone else - someone nobody has ever told him about: his brother.
Raymond Babbitt is not like other people. He can not live in the real world. When Charlie meets him in their home where he has lived for many years, he knows it is Raymond`s doctor he must fight to get the money.
But Raymond is someone special, and the brother`s meeting is the beginning of an adventure that will change them both.
Act I
Lawyer: - Mr. Babbitt? Mr. Charles Babbitt?
Charlie: - Yes.
Lawyer: - I am your father`s lawyer. I am sorry, but it`s bad news. Your father has died, sir. The funeral is on Sunday. May I read you the will?
Charlie: - Of course.
Lawyer: - To Charles Sanford Babbitt, I give my 1949 Buick. I also give him my roses. I am leaving my home and all my money to someone who is very important to me. Because this person cannot use the money, a friend will look after the money for him.
Charlie: - I don`t understand.
Lawyer: - Your father`s money, around 3 million dollars, will go to someone who can`t use it. An other person will look after the money.
Charlie: - What`s the name of the person who is going to get the money?
Lawyer: - The will says that I can not tell you.
Charlie: - Who is this person? You?
Lawyer: - No, it is not me.
Charlie: - Who is it then?
Lawyer: - I am sorry, Charles, I am your father`s lawyer but I can not tell you.
Act II
Susanna: - Oh, Charlie, are you all right?
Charlie: - My father has died. Sorry about the weekend.
Susanna: - The weekend?
Charlie: - Look, I hated my father and he hated me.
Susanna: - Poor Charlie! That`s very sad.
Charlie: - My mother died when I was 2. And then it was just me and him.
Susanna: - What happened?
Charlie: - Nothing I did was ever good enough for him.
Susanna: - I am going with you to the funeral.
Charlie: - That`s nice but you don`t need to.
Susanna: - I want to go.
Act III
Narrator: - Carlie`s father died and left the money to his son Raymond. He was an autistic person. An autistic person lives in a special world inside himself. In some ways, he thinks like a very young child, and like a child he needs other people to help him live in the real world. But some autistic people can also do very special things. Charlie steals Raymond from the hospital where he lives.
Susanna: - Charlie, Raymond is sitting at the end of the bed. Charlie: - Raymond, what are you doing in here? Get out!
Susanna: - Go and talk to him!
Charlie: - What for?
Susanna: - Because he is frightened. He has never been away from Wallbrook before. You have upset him!
Charlie: - Raymond is not going back to Wallbrook. He has to learn how to live in the real world.
Susanna: - What do you mean he is not going back to Wallbrook?
Charlie: - I took Raymond and I am keeping him until I get my money.
Susanna: - What money?
Charlie: - Dad left Ray some money. A lot of money.
Susanna: - Money! How much money...did... your... father... leave Raymond?
Charlie: - He left him his house and all his money, 3 million dollars. What are you doing?
Susanna: - I am leaving you, Charlie.
Charlie: - Why?
Susanna: - Because you have kidnapped your brother for money.
Charlie: - I have not kidnapped him! I just want my money. What`s wrong with that?
Susanna: - Everything. I did love you, Charlie but you are not the man that I thought you were.
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