Science

In Memory of Colleague

Konstantin Vasiljevich Frolov

1932-2007

G.V.Moskvitin, A.V.Berezin, N.N.Krasnoshchekov

A.A.Blagonravov Institute of Machines Science of RAS

Sm. Khariton'evsky, 4, Moscow, 101990, Russia

The academician Konstantin Vasiljevich Frolov has come in a history of scientific and technical progress as outstanding scientist in the machine sciences field that is a fundamental scientific base of mechanical engineering, as founder of engineers scientific school, as large organizer and tireless enthusiast of the intensive development of domestic science, as talented teacher and active public figure, as initiator of a number of actual scientific lines widely known and recognized in Russia and abroad.

Konstantin Vasiljevich was born on July 22, 1932 in Kirov, namely, on the famous Kaluga ground, that is beneficial for forming purposeful firm character prominent person. The K.V.Frolov inclination to research work was shown even during studies at the turbine construction faculty in the Bryansk institute of a transport machine industry, which he has ended with distinction. He has carried away by idea about vibrations arising in machines and mechanisms made however accurate, owing to own oscillations of construction elements.

A work on one of the largest facility of energy machine industry, that is the Leningrad mechanical plant, namely, in design department and then in laboratory of steam and gas turbines has played a leading role in further orientation among the perspective directions of scientific and technical progress. The progressive scientific and technological advances, capable to provide a profitable operation at elevated temperatures, ultra-high pressures, high speeds of operating body under dangerous vibration conditions and extreme tensions of construction elements have been exploited just in steam and gas turbines. As the speed of the machines, mechanisms and their system increases the problem of vibrations become more and more urgent in science and engineering.

K.V.Frolov has devoted his efforts to fundamental learning the varied vibrations in the machines and mechanisms under different operational conditions, including extreme. With this purpose in 1958, he became a post-graduate student of machines science institute of an Academy of sciences. In 1961 he has already been the participator of International symposium on nonlinear oscillations (Kiev) and made report about resonance properties simulation of some independent nonlinear vibratory systems.

In 1962 K.V.Frolov has defended a candidate thesis on a theme: "Influences of a power source properties on oscillations of the independent systems". He participated in IV International conference on nonlinear oscillations in 1967 (Czechoslovakia) and gave a talk "Parametric and auto parametric oscillations of nonlinear mechanical systems. In 1970 a doctorate has been conferred on him for dissertation: "Oscillations in machines with variable parameters in the application to dynamics of the power hydraulic drive". In 1971 he was confirm tenure of an professor.

Since 1975 and until recent life days K.V.Frolov was the director of A.A.Blagonravov Institute of Machines Science AS USSR (the Russian Academy of Sciences). In 1976 he has been elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences USSR, and in 1984 he has been elected a full member of the Academy of Sciences.

The remarkable erudition of academician K.V.Frolov and his conviction in necessity of leading development of domestic science manifested itself in full measure in his scientific-organizational work. As a permanent Director of A.A.Blagonravov Institute of Machines Science, when he was an academician-secretary of Department of mechanical engineering, mechanics and control processes problems as well as in Vice-President of an Academy of Sciences days the academician K.V.Frolov made a major effort for consolidation of a scientific technical potential of the country in order that important problems of priority development of mechanical engineering to be solve. That is the basis of technical, economic and social strengthening state. He has brought in the invaluable contribution to stimulating theoretical and experimental researches in the field of engineering science, to preparation of scientific and technical specialists, to establishment of scientific contacts with leading foreign academies, universities and research organizations.

Many-sided scientific-organizational work of academician K.V.Frolov was always characterized by width of urgent problem range of a high level. In its solving he took an active part as the chairman of "Workgroup at the President of RAS under analysis of risk and the safety problems", as deputy academician-secretary of Department of power-engineering, mechanical engineering, mechanics and control processes, as chairman of the Joined Scientific Soviet RAS on a complex problem "Mechanical engineering", as general director of Association "Joined institute of machine science" of the Russian academy of sciences.

A.A.Blagonravov Institute of Machines Science became the leading science center under the direction of academician K.V.Frolov. A number of branches and institutes, created on his initiative in industrial region of our country (St.-Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Samara, Volgograd, Yekaterinburg) and united about this center, successfully solve the more important problems of mechanical engineering of XXI century. So, IMASH of RAS has organized the elaboration of a number new fundamental scientific problems, high-priority for the accelerated progression of a machine industry. There are a provision of strength, reliability and longevity on a new level for different type nuclear reactors and for aerospace and transport system; a creation and an application of new machine-building materials and hardening technologies for the purpose of rising resource and safety of the objects of nuclear, power, transport, air and space machine industry; a development of new generations robots and automated factories.

In cooperation with N.E.Bauman MSTU, MEI, IHM SO RAS, EDB "Hydropress", DB "Chemavtomatique" and other organizations the scientists of IMASH of RAS have successfully developed a multicriterion system for calculated estimation of the most important indicators of machines and constructions serviceability (reliability, strength, resource) at all stage of their life cycle. The results of the developments are necessary for realizing large projects in the nuclear and thermal power engineering, air and space-rocket engineering, oil-gas complexes.

The theory basis, the techniques of calculation and design of miniature robots with hydrogen thermosorption drives of a linear type and dynamic principle of operation were devised in IMASH RAS jointly with Institute of mechanic problems of RAS and ISTC "Robot" for the purpose of using thereof in mechanical engineering, power engineering, critical technologies of nanoindustry and microsystems engineering. Also in cooperation with IC Mikojan EDB was developed a having no analogue model of operation of the man-operator in the contour of control the mobile object, which take into account a psychophysical capabilities of the man-operator and has an important bearing on dynamics of the control contour of object (of plane, space ship etc.).

The scientific researches and development work in the field of lowering a vibroacoustic loading machines and in the field of tribological system, used in extreme conditions (including in Space) has received essential development.

Giving a great deal of time and efforts to guiding Machines Science Institute, scientific-organizational and public work, academician K.V.Frolov has never interrupted his direct participation in scientific researches. The first in domestic practice he built up a unique vibrotest complex for performance evaluation of vibroprotective system that duplicates actual practice of operation of the different machines and mechanisms.

On the basis of researches, made by K.V.Frolov, have been devised the modern vibroproductions and the methods of optimal designing of vibrating operation machines in controlled condition close to resonance. Under the his supervision and with his direct involvement the basis of machines design of "low-noisy construction" (with minimum of vibroacoustic effect on the medium) have been developed.

The academician K.V.Frolov is a leader of considerable promise field of science, namely, of vibration biomechanics, originated at the interfaces between ergonomics and biomechanics. That made for a coming into being and evolution of researching very complicated complete system "technosphere-operator-natural medium" as new line of machines science.

The results of Frolov scientific works in the field of the promising direction of nonlinear vibration theory and dynamics of mechanical system, of biomechanics and a vitally important physiological processes in a human organism on exposure to vibration, acoustic, light and electromagnetic fields are a prime consideration. He originated the ingenious methods and protective means of human, machines and environment from such effects plus the diagnostics and monitoring methods of dangerous states of each component and all system. The unique scientific results of vibration application for "tactile handle", as it is called, have been obtained. Designed was a control laser system of airspace objects on the basis of vestibular principles.

The solution of problem of control reforming vibration field for vibrostimulation of human biopotential, for rise his fitness to work and for vibrotreatment is a one of the important scientific lines of progression biomechanics of system. The good results of using vibrostimulation in the adaptive to condition of fly in Space and return to Earth system of cosmonauts have been arrived with a direct involvement of K.V.Frolov The reforming vibration field for vibrotreatment was evaluated in A.V.Vishnevskji hospital and is practically used in the specialized treatment techniques as well as in different medical apparatus, protected inventor certificates. In this area the machine scientific researches in the fields of biomechanics, medicine and physiotherapy fruitfully joined.

The fundamental research results of K.V. Frolov are the design models, the indicial equations and criteria of strength, vibrosafety, resource of machines and machine complexes, ergonomics of operating human-machine system, ecology of machine-building manufactures and operating objects of technosphere. Their utilization allows for raising the reliability and operational safety of human-machine systems. The research results have found a wide utility in problem solving of shipbuilding, nuclear-power and airspace machine-building practice.

The outstanding results of applied researches, making a scientific-methodical basis of realization of modern technologies, are used in the state projects of civil and war purposes, namely, in creation of flying apparatus of the fourth and fifth generations (airplanes of Su, Il, Tu, Ka), of hydrogen engines, nuclear power reactors on thermal and fast neutrons (WWER-1000, BI-800), in design of system of lowering and estimation of acoustic hiding of mobile sea submarine objects (APL, AUWS) with heightened parameters of dynamics, vibrostability, acoustic and vibrating protection, longevity and vitality and also civil production-technological complexes (robots and machine-tools with heightened accuracy and capacity using the laser, ultrasonic and nano- technologies).

The investigations, performed by academician K.V.Frolov at his immediate involvement and under his direction, are a scientific base for efficient realization of innovation policy on the basis of high technological scientific and engineering projects, which answers needs of development of power, transport, agrarian, military-industrial and other science-intensive complexes of the country. This allows in a new fashion to construct a State scientific technical policy of perspective development of the machine-building complex as a material foundation of raising defense capacity of the country and level of technogene, natural and social safety of life support sphere.

K.V.Frolov is the author of 12 scientific monographies on machine sciences problems such as "Scientific foundations of engineering progress" (1982), "Methods of machine protection and modern problems of mechanical engineering" (1984), "Vibration in engineering" (1987), "The science of machine is basis of mechanical engineering" (1987), "Calculation of termostresses and strength of rotors and turbine body" (1988), "Experimental researches of deformations and stresses in water-moderated reactors" (1990), "An introduction to the theory of oscillations" (2006) and many others.

The results of his investigations in the field of biomechanics and vibroprotection, in the field of machines reliability, computer designing, using laser and nanotechnology occupy a significant place in hundreds papers, published by him in scientific Journals, collections of conference materials. Much attention he also gives to science history as a richest scientific heritage and to role of prominent domestic and foreign scientist in creation of bases of modern scientific knowledge.

Under the K.V.Frolov scientific direction the issuance of the first 30 volumes of unique, not having analogue in the world practice, encyclopedia "Mechanical engineering" was completed (2006).

Combining efforts of hundreds of highly qualified specialist, a large-scale work on generalization of scientific results and on edition of special issuance "Russian security. Lawful, social-economic and scientific-technical aspects" in many volumes is developed on initiative and under scientific direction of K.V.Frolov The work has an interbranch character. Moreover, it does not have analogue by volume and scientific level considered problem. In 2007 next 30-th volume of this series has been published.

The key role in publication of reference books in many volumes, namely "Constructing of machines", "Vibration in engineering", of three-volume issuance "Strength of nuclear reactors", of seven-volume issuance on lowcyclic strength etc. is due to Institute of Machines Science. With involvement of the institute a number of national and international standards are published including sections: noise, vibration, strength.

Along with monographs and book issuances in many volumes the periodic scientific Journals, being head by him as editor-in chief, namely a Journal of Russian Academy of Sciences "Machine engineering & reliability problems", international Journal "Engineering & automation problems", and new Journal "Machine engineering&technical education" are a significant contribution of academician K.V.Frolov. He was a member of editorial collegiums of many domestic and international Journals of the scientific and technical profile.

The publications and utterances of academician K.V.Frolov about science development problems, its role in modern condition, training personnel of young scientists etc. always generated invariable great interest. So, he was convinced of the necessity of advance development of a domestic science in the process of transition to market economics, because in the condition of stern competition it is necessary not only to obtain a new good result of scientific work, but also to have time for its patenting. The fundamental science undeniably possess a great imaginative potential, but its application requires the substantial expenses at the all stage of passing new ideas through them materializing and innovation to practice use sphere as competitive goods, with the realization being capable to provide the economic effect.

Based on deep belief that the education should be popular, uninterrupted and oriented to perspective, academician K.V.Frolov should attach particular significance to training young scientists and engineering personals. He successfully combined a teaching in N.E.Bauman MSTU with scientific work. Since 1976, he was in charge of faculty of machines and mechanisms theory. Under the supervision of the academician the 27 PhD dissertations and 9 dissertations for Doctor degree were prepared.

On academician K.V.Frolov initiative by the Committee of RAS on work with youth, Government of Moscow, Ministry of education RF, RFBR and MFTI the International Internet-conferences on modern machine science problems are annually carried out for young scientists, post-graduate students and students. On the basis of Machines Science Institute the Youth center of collective use (CCU IMASH) was set up as Educational- scientific test complex for technical universities of Moscow on technical system safety. The collaborators of IMASH RAS give lectures in MSU, MEFI, MFTI, N.E.Bauman MSTI, MSTI STANKIN, MAI, MIERA, universities of Tyumen, Chelyabinsk, Ufa.

Successful development of the "Integration" program, joined forces of IMASH RAS and leading Moscow universities, namely MSU, N.E Bauman MSTI, MAMI, MAI, MATI, MTURC attracts the young specialists, graduating the educational institutions, to work in Machines Science Institute on scientific themes and to learn as a post-graduate student and as a person working for degree of doctor.

The academician K.V.Frolov was known in the country and abroad as active figure and organizer of scientific-educational work. AS the President of International S.I.Vavilov fund "Knowledge" he proved to be initiator of creating National Council of educational organizations (NCEO). In 2006 he was elected a co-chairman NCEO and then he headed Program Committee on carrying out the First congress of Russia educational organizations to promote a revival of wide educational driving in the country.

The election of academician K.V.Frolov as member of Public council CFO of Russia (2005) and then as member of Public Chamber RF, where he has headed a very impotent Commission on innovations and high-technologic scientific and engineering projects (2007) was a recognition his high competence level.

Within the framework of this direction, the problems of protection of intellectual property in the sphere of fundamental and other scientific achievements have a particular acuity. As the ideas are not patented, it is necessary to materialize them in patentable objects (new devices, methods, materials), wherein these ideas are using. Furthermore, it is necessary to have time opportunely to patent and only then to offer to interested user for practical application (industrial reproduction). The role of such primary realization links of intellectual potential in Russia could be fulfilled by innovation-technological centers.

In this connection on initiative of academician K.V.Frolov the attempts of creation of Independent noncommercial organization "Innovation-technological centre - "Technopark a Perspective" were undertaken with the purpose of promoting new original ideas and advanced technologies. The organizations-representatives from high schools, science and industry have come in a composition of founders.

During creation INO ITC "Technopark a Perspective" in A.A.Blagonravov Institute of Machines Science the specialized exhibition "New scientific-practical developments in the field of the rising resource and safety of objects of machine engineering and railway transport" was carried out in May 2007. The exhibition as a whole was devoted to innovation elaborations. Its realization makes possible to occupy leading position for domestic machine engineering on a number of objects and indicators in Western market.

The international scientific activity of academician K.V.Frolov is deserving of special attention. He has been elected a member of number of foreign academies USA, Sweden, Norway, Great Britain and of National Academy of sciences of Byelorussia, Georgia, Ukraine, Lithuania and other countries. He was a honorary doctor of a variety of foreign universities.

Representing a domestic science in a series of international and public associations, unions, federations, the academician K.V.Frolov actively promoted to strengthening and widening creative cooperation of scientists, specialists and public mans of many countries of the world.

The many-side fruitful scientific, scientific-organizational and scientific-educational activity of academician K.V.Frolov has received the high deserved recognition. Konstantin Vasiljevich Frolov is a Hero of Socialist Labor, the Lenin Prize winner, the laureate of State premium USSR, premiums of Council of Ministers, premiums of Government of Russian Federation in the field of a science and engineering. He was twice decorated with an order of Lenin and also was conferred a decoration upon orders of a Labor Red Banner, "For merits before Fatherland" of II and III degree and many medals.

The academician K.V. Frolov has the foreign awards. He was rewarded with a Gold medal of a name And Stodola by a Slovak academy of sciences (1973), Silver medal "For merit before a science and mankind" of Czechoslovak academy of sciences (1982), Gold medal of a name Michajlo Pupin (Yugoslavia, 1983), Gold medal of a name Muskhelishvily (2005, Georgian academy of sciences).

On the native land Konstantin Vasiljevich was awarded a title "Honorary citizen of Kirov city

 

 

 

 

 

Gennady Viktorovich Moskvitin, Professor, Doctor of technical sciences; acting Director of IES RAS. His scientific interests: theory of corrugated sheaths and plates, problems of construction lifetime and durability evaluation.

Alexander Vasiljevich Berezin, Professor, Doctor of physical and mathematical sciences; Head of laboratory at IES RAS. His scientific interests: strength theory, fracture mechanics, problems of certification of aerostructures and materials.

Nikolay Nikolayevich Krasnoshchekov, Candidate of technical sciences, Executive Secretary of "Problems of Engineering Science and Machine Reliability" journal, leading scientific associate at IES RAS. His scientific interests: theory of machines and mechanisms.

 




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