Russian scientific-engineering Schools

 

 

Development of scientific-design legacy of G.N.Babakin

in automatic spacecrafts made by Lavochkin Association

K.M.Pichkhadze, A.A.Moisheev,V.V. Efanov, K.A.Zanin, Y.G.Podobedov

Lavochkin NPO

Leningradskoe s., 24, Khimki, 141400, Russia

Babakin Georgy Nickolaevich (13.11.1914 - 03.08.1971) - talented scientist, designer and organizer, Chief designer of automatic moon and interplanetary stations, and also Earth artificial satellites, Corresponding Member of the USSR's Academy of Sciences on section of mechanics and control processes (1970), Hero of Socialist Labour (1970), Lenin Prize Winner (1966), was awarded the Order of Lenin (1970) and the Order of Labour Red Banner (1957).

G.N.Babakin has lead Experimental Design Bureau of machinery-building plant named after S.A.Lavochkin from 1965 up to 1971. Under his leadership automatic space stations for investigation of the Moon, Venus, Mars were created. Including such space stations as (first in the world landing onto the Moon surface, 1966), (, 1970), and (delivery of the moon soil samples to the Earth, 1970, 1972), (1970) and (1970), first time in the world performed landing onto the surfaces of these planets and transmitted data to the Earth. Stations, developed under the leadership of Babakin have opened new stage in celestial bodies exploration.

On March, 2, 1965, G.N.Babakin was assigned as a Chief designer of automatic stations for investigations of the Moon and Solar system planets. 15 spacecrafts were created under his leadership in six years! Serious component of success was idea of unification, input by Babakin even in 60-th. Such spacecrafts as and were development of idea, input by G.N.Babakin during creation of and . Margin, being input by G.N.Babakin into activity of Lavochkin Association, finds development also in today projects.

Preliminary analysis of designed today domestic perspective spacecrafts for investigation of planets-giants, their satellites, asteroids, comets and Kuiper belt objects was done at Lavochkin Association, estimation of mass characteristics, layout, configuration, ballistic tasks, landing and descent schemes was performed.

Configuration of domestic missions , , , Бand also modernized multipurpose flight module, designed for flights to Uranus, Neptune, Pluto and into Kuiper belt was formed.

Separate question is continuation of Mars researches and answer to a question on possible existence of simple forms of life on the planet's surface. For that it is necessary to deliver Mars soil samples to the Earth. Foreseen task is being solved by creation and launch of automatic spacecraft. As a technical feature in the frames of this mission it is proposed to create spacecraft with controlled aerodynamic braking in the atmosphere of the planet. Researches on choosing and determination of such a spacecraft layout were done at Havocking Association.

Other important task is continuation of the Moon researches, and, in particular, its South Pole and close to equator regions. With its purpose - spacecraft of a new generation was designed in Lavochkin Association.

New spacecraft for investigation of resonance splashes of solar activity and solar-terrestrial interactions in continuation of and program is spacecraft.