Scientific Conference XXX-th Academic Conference on
Astronautics
Analytical review
(Moscow, Russia, January, 2006) A.K.Medvedeva
Institute of Natural Sciences and Technique History of
RAS Moscow, 103012, Russia akm@history.ihst.ru http://www.ihst.ru/~akm/ The anniversary XXXth Academic Conference on Astronautics
devoted to the memory of Academician S.P. Korolyov and other native scientists
- the pioneers of space mastering have held during four
days from 25th of January to 27st of January 2006. The
Conference have held in Moscow State Technical
University n.a. N.E. Bauman (MSTU) that is known as
the received forge of specialists for domestic space-system industry. A
transfer the Conference on Astronautics to MSTU assisted to raise public
importance of and interest in this scientific event. A scientific-educational
institution "Special engineering", the faculty that join together 12 rocket-space specialty departments realizes an
effective scientific-organizational support for the Conference holding. The rocket-space community of Russia was
represented at the Conference by large number of participants (about 1700
people) from more 150 establishments. Greater than 850 scientists and specialists
represented their reports, 262 persons of them made a speech on sectional
sittings. The
Conference' geography is quite spacious. There were representatives from Moscow
and near Moscow towns: Korolyov, Khimki, Zvyezdnii, Yubileynii, Reutov,
Zhukovskii, Kaliningrad and also from St.-Petersburg, Krasnoyarsk, Novosibirsk,
Kazan', Samara, Omsk, Perm', Saratov, Rostov-na-Donu, Kaluga, Gagarin (Smolensk
region), Kiev, Dnepropetrovsk (Ukrane), Volgograd, Kirovograd, Cuvillie
(Portugal), Italy, France, Chinese People's Republic, Vietnam and other. In reports discussion took part scientists and
specialists from following establishments. The S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space
Corporation Energia, the Academician V.P. Glushko NPO (scientific-production enterprise)"Energomash",
Khrunichev state research and production space center, the Lavochkin NPO, Central Research Institute for
Machine Building (TsNIIMASH), the Academician N.A. Pilyugin NPTs AP
(scientific-production center of automatics and instrument-making), the Academician
V.I. Kuznetsov NII PM
(scientific-research institute of applied mecanics), NPO PM (scientific-production enterprise of applied mecanics), CIAM
(central institute of aviation motors), TsAGI (central aerohygrodynamic
institute), the M.V. Keldysh research center, the
I.V. Kurchatov Russian scientific
center, OKB (experimental development bureau) "Fakel", the A. Lyul'ki NTTs
(scientific-technology center), Agat, Scientific and Production Association
Kompozit (joint stock company), "Molniya" research and industrial corporation, Scientific and Production
Association "Typhoon", NII KS (space systems scientific research institute),
NPO "Saturn", the
Federal Center for Dual-Use Technologies "Soyuz", Yuzhnoye SDO (state
design office), PSC "Tupolev", 4 TsNII MO (Department of Defense 4th
central scientific-research institute), VNII (all-Russian scientific research
institute) of
Elecromechanics, Mil Moscow helicopter factory (joint stock company), Keldysh
Institute for Applied Mathematics RAS, Dorodnicyn computing centre of the RAS, Institute of the History of Natural Science and Technology named after S.I.Vavilov of RAS, Siberian Branch of RAS
Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (Novosibirsk), Institute for Mechanical Engineering RAS, Institute for Problems in Mechanics RAS, Institute of mechanics
Lomonosov Moscow state university, Institute of Chemical Physics RAS, Institute for System Programing RAS, Institute for Extreme
State Thermal Physics RAS, Bauman MSTU,
Lomonosov MSU, Moscow Aviation Institute, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute,
Zhukovskii Air Force Engineering Academy, Peter the Great RVSN Military
Academy, the Higher School of Economics, Russian Academy of
Education University, St.-Petersburg State University, Volgograd State
University, St.-Petersburg State Technology Institute, S.P. Korolev Samara
State Airspace University, Kirovograd National Technology University, Kazan
State Technical University named after A.N.Tupolev, Samara Airspace University,
Beira
Interior University (Portugal), SB RAS Institute
for Thermal Physics (Novosibirsk), Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute (St.-Petersburg), D.F. Ustinov Baltic
State Technology University (St.-Petersburg), K.E. Tsiolkovsky Russian Academy of
Astronautics, Russian Astronautics Federation, Council of Space Forces
Veterans, RAS Archives, Department of Russian State Archives of Scientific and
Technical Documentation, K.E. Tsiolkovsky State Museum of Astronautics History, the
Polytechnic Museum and others. The
Conference working beginning was noted by Russian Academy of Science directors
by greeting of the Chairman of RAS council of space, Vice-President of RAS Academician
A.F. Andreev. "The Conference became an integral part of the great work by
resolution the fundamental problems of rocket-space devices in all branches its
creating and use: construction of rockets and space vehicles, propulsion systems,
control systems, celestial mechanics and flight dynamics, applied problems.
This fruitful work had not only great scientific importance but weighty
practice result. The work's results became an essential component of modern
technology basis creation for native Astronautics, to provide sustainable
perspectives of space mastering, of the universe's deep principles cognition,
of an effective using of Astronautics achievements in social problems solution"
noted the Academician A.F.Andreev. A Conference unveiling opening address of a steering committee chairman,
the Academician B.E. Chertok, a native Astronautics' pioneer, a
companion-in-arms of S.P.Korolev, was devoted to the origins of native
rocket-space devices that were founded in Soviet Union 60 years ago on remote
1946th and in its rise took direct part B.E. Chertok. He said, "In
spite of great losses that suffered all native science as a result of
destructive reforms, our Conference became an important all-Russian scientific
event in which took part scientists and specialists of academic
and branch institutes, design offices, scientific-industry unions and higher
educational establishments. Since the great power Soviet Union disruption the key native science intensive industries such as
engineering, aviation, radio electronics, chemistry, power engineering
determining a defense and economic power suffered the greatest economic and
technological losses gotten on the verge of surviving. Russian economics is
saved from an economic catastrophe by its high-grade natural resources. It is pleasant to note under these conditions that the rocket-space community of Russia didn't lose optimism and hope to
remain standing at the world Astronautics leading frontiers. The mankind
appreciated enthusiastic and impartially the events of 1957th as phenomenal and sudden change of
science-technology progress. The 50th anniversary since the first
world sputnik was launched contemporizes
wonderfully with 100th anniversary of the native Astronautics
creator, Academician S.P. Korolyov and 150th anniversary of the
theoretical Astronautics founder K.E. Tsiolkovskii. These anniversaries make
the 2007th by the year of Astronautics". The first who made a speech by the "A MSTU's contribution to
formation and development of the Russian rocket-space branch (to 175th
anniversary of MTSU)" report was the rector of MTSU, RAS Corresponding
Member I.B. Fyodorov. In the report he noted an important contribution
of the university graduates to Russian and the world Astronautics and aviation.
It is MTSU in which on the basis of the N.E. Zhukovskii schools of thought in
theoretical mechanics and aerodynamics sphere scientific and engineering
schools in aviation and rocket production sphere were founded. Andrey
Nikolaevich Tupolev did his graduate project under the direction of professor
Zhukovskii. But he for his turn was a scientific adviser to a graduate project
of the future Academician Korolyov. In addition to Sergey Pavlovich there were
two member of the legendary Chief Designer Soviet who was MTHS graduate. These
are the Academician N.A. Pilyugin who was responsible for rockets' directors
and the Academician V.P. Barmin who projected all ground-based systems.
Thousands MTSU (MTHS) graduates worked and work in rocket-space branch, among
them heads of the branch such as S.A. Afanasyev and Yu.N. Koptev, the famous
scientists and designers, for instance, Academicians V.P. Legostaev and B.I.
Katorgin, and many hundreds and thousands ordinary engineers, designers and
testers. Nine MTHS graduates became pilot-cosmonauts. Altogether MTSU trains
for rocket-space branch engineers by more then twenty specialities of
engineering and instrument-making description. The Conference participants had a great interest in a report "Perspectives
of Russian manned Astronautics development" of the Rocket and Space Corporation Energia President, the Cief-Designer N.N.Sevastyanov. He announced there
that Russia planned to build up a permanent base on the Moon and to work
through a transport of gas consisted of Helium-3 isotope to the Earth. By 2020th
Russia will be able to begin commercial production of Helium-3. Here a
In the report "The Academician M.V. Keldysh is the main theorist
of the native Astronautics (on the occasion of 95th anniversary of
the birth)" of the Keldysh Institute for Applied Mathematics RAS Director,
RAS Corresponding Member Yu.P.Popov, he noted that the Academician
M.V. Keldysh who was a one of the Soviet cosmic program heads have made
the greatest contribution to development of the Soviet space science and
technology. He has the leading role in creating of large scientific and design
collectives, in coordination of works by the projects accomplishment which had
the state importance. Under his direction they developed and found a
practically realization projects aimed at increase of our state defensive
potential. One embodied in these projects not only profound theoretical
investigations of the Academician M.V. Keldysh and his progeny, but a
number of bold technical solutions. The creative collaboration of the two
prominent scientists, S.P. Korolev and M.V. Keldysh, has played a
historical important role in Astronautics development. Creative thought and
rarely broad outlook of the Main theorist, colossal engineering and
organizational talent of the Main designer, multiplied by thorough knowledge,
energy and enthusiasm their numerous progeny have redetermined that the key
problems and directions in activity of scientists and designers collectives
have been chosen right. The Academician M.V. Keldysh has the important
role in organization of collaboration in space investigation and application
sphere with socialistic states by the program "Intercosmos", and also bilateral
collaboration with USA, France and others. A report about the prominent creator of military and space systems, the
design office "Yuzhnoe" Chief-Designer, the Academician of USSR Academy of
Science Mikhail Kuzmich Yangel was represented to a plenary sitting by the
report of the chief designer, the director general of Yuzhnoye SDO, the Academician of Ukraine NAS, S.N. Konyukhov "The
Academician M.K. Yangel is the prominent creator of rocket-space
devices (on the occasion of 95th anniversary of the birth)". In the report one brought out clearly that
M.K. Yangel had immortalized his name not only like a research worker and
a rocket-space devices creator but like the great organizer of
research-and-production cooperative societies. He's the founder of Dneprovskii
rocket center and Ukraine practical Astronautics in whole. Mikhail Kuzmich had
created a great science-technology potential of the design office "Yuzhnoe" which is required in contemporary rocket-space
branch. He had also organized, joined and educated high skilled collective of
like-minded racketeers. Persons came from the M.K. Kuzmich creative
collective were at the head of the first-rate enterprises, state projects
leadership and leading establishments of the state rocket-space branch.
Present-day chief designers who replaced the founders of the CIS (Commonwealth
of Independent States) rocket-space branch preserve with solicitude,
effectively use and creatively develop their scientific heritage where one of
bright pages is devoted to activity and progress of the design office "Yuzhnoe"
first Chief designer Mikhail Kuzmich Yangel. The OKB "Fakel" Chief-Designer V.M. Murashko showed in his
report "Modern Russian space technologies: electro-jet propulsion systems in
space. On the occasion of 50th jubilee of the OKB "Fakel" a way
by which Kaliningrad's department of the USSR AS engine laboratory had been
re-profiled to create electric jet propulsions and now it became the World
center by electro-jet thrusters creation and production which is OKB "Fakel".
At present a third of space vehicles are equipped with OKB "Fakel" effective
electro-jet propulsions and its part increases continuously. Three of the five
first-rate western producers of space vehicles are received immovable plasmous
propulsions in OKB "Fakel". The activity of OKB "Fakel" vindicates Russian
priority in development of closed electron drift plasmous propulsions for
practically utilization of these propulsions in space and shows an example of
high space technologies achievement. The central event of the XXXth Conference
on Astronautics was undoubtedly the round-table discussion "A
Astronautics role in Earth energetics development of the XXIth
century", which held on 27.01.2006, at which more 100 persons assisted. In
the discussion participants of the following establishments took part: the I.V. Kurchatov Russian
Scientific Center, the M.V. Keldysh Research Center, GEOKHI RAS (Vernadsky Institute of
Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences), the S.P. Korolev Rocket
and Space Corporation Energia, the
Lavochkin NPO, TSNIIMASH,
Moscow VUZ'es (institutes of higher education). High professional speeches of
nuclear engineers, power engineering specialists, the Moon nature investigators,
practical designers exhaustively represented the Earth energetics role in an
industrial and social society development in XXIth century, in its
organic connection with Astronautics. So in his report on the subject "A
surface rocks' compound and properties of small solar system objects. Lunar
natural resources investigations" the Vernadsky Institute of
Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences director, the
Academician E.M. Galimov noted, "One tonne of Helium-3 is equal to 20
millions tonnes of petroleum by energy equivalent, that is it costs about 10
milliard dollars. But transport charges to convey one tonne are equal 20-40
millions." By specialists estimations to satisfy the Russia requirements it is
necessary to have 20 tonnes of Helium-3 per year. "The Moon has to be involved
to the Earth's economical sphere because Helium-3 is the only alternative to
contemporary energy sources, which secures ecological future of the planet.
Helium-3 store on the Moon are enormous. It had been generated as a result of
solar wind influence on the Earth satellite surface". Program problems in the
round-table discussion were represented as recurrent stage of Astronautics and
simultaneously as its renewal instrument. They drew attention that recent State
Duma sitting, Russian Academy of Science session with energetics and aerospace
problems analysis placed together disclosed real trends of high- tech branches
development. The discussion quintessence was got constructive representation of
a role provided lunar resources exploitation and its delivery to the Earth in
its scientific, informational, raw material, commercial sense. There was broad
and detailed discussion of Russian Astronautics scientific problems concerned
with commercial mastering of the Moon. The sitting participants evinced high
activity. Section sittings on the XXXth academic
Conference on Astronautics held 20 sections. There were 42 section sittings in
all. A section group consisted of 2nd - "Flying
vehicles. Designing and construction", 12th - "Objects of
ground-based rocket complex infrastructure", 18th - "Automatic
space vehicles for planetary and astrophysical investigations. Design,
construction, testing and computation" considered problems of applied
investigations in sphere of new rocket-space device types creation and
ground-based maintenance. It is the reports authors' opinion that in 2006 new
stage in Russian Astronautics development begins: it is completed the
stagnation period, it is closed yawning interstices in programs "Glonass",
Earth observations, bargain sale of space technologies. Subsequent to the
industrial world (USA, Europe, China) we return to space power-suppliers, the
Moon, the Phobos, scientific technology programs. New branches in Astronautics
arises: heavy class space systems with sea wing-in-ground effect craft as the
first stage. The class of native nano-satellites was originated on 2005 by
manually launching by a cosmonaut left for open space a light man-made
satellite of scientific purposes. Its peculiarity consists in interaction with
present space informational systems such as "Globastar" types. The most
important problem of Astronautics development is to supply with space
facilities the fundamental scientific investigations of the Moon, solar system
planets, fundamental astrophysical investigations, and also Earth investigation
from space. The most significant
scientific branches of investigations in sphere of rocket-space devices
ground-based complexes and start equipment represented in reports are
following: -
development and application of
automated resource-saving and informational technologies in start equipment
building; -
investigation of gas-dynamic,
acoustic, dynamic and thermic process characteristics in start equipment within
a period of rocket-space systems pretreating and launching; -
development of simulating and
optimal start equipment exploitation control methods. On
following sections they discussed results of the native rocket-space
science and technology fundamental investigations and developments in sphere of
gas-dynamic, plasma-dynamic and its applications to supply moving of carrier
rockets and space flying vehicles: 7th - "Astronautics
development and the fundamental problems of gas-dynamic, combustion and
heat-exchange", 3rd - "The founders of aerospace propulsion
engineering and problems of flying vehicle engine theory and construction",
4th - "Space energetics and space electro-jet propulsion systems -
the actual problems of creation and quality securing, high technologies", 15th
- "Combined power systems for hypersonic and aerospace flying vehicles".
In particular they noted that the liquid-fuel rocket RD-180 creation which was
the very important for native rocket technology and its presentation to the
world rocket-space market owed to energetic science-technological, marketing
and foreign-economic activity of NPO "Energomash" under the considerable state
support. They reported results of continued investigations of physicochemical
processes in streamflows contained fine-dyspersated flour particles. They
represented new results by investigation of a cluster formation model, nucleus
formation and phase transformation velocity for particular substances. These
questions were discussed in connection with effective energy resource use and environmental
safety organization within different work regimes of aircraft engines. In
considered branch materials they represented a character trend to join efforts
and results of fundamental and applied investigations aimed at solution of gas
dynamic, combustion and heat-exchange problems which concerned with
exploitation and improvement created spaceships and development new spaceships,
and to strengthen on this basis connection between design establishments,
academic and educational institutes. The newest investigations by problems of
combined air-breathing propulsion system creation (GPVRD) showed that they may
become the most probable propulsion system type of perspective hypersonic
flying vehicles. One can see form listened reports and foreign investigations
review that creation prospects of new type aviation and rocket-space device
engine - pulsing detonation engines (PuDE) - become quite realizable. Problems in sphere of applied investigations by space
navigation and moving control were discussed on the following sections
sittings: 5th - "Applied celestial mechanics and moving control",
13th - "Space navigation and robotics", 17th -
"Control systems of space vehicles and complexes". The most important
reports here were ones about solar sail, micro-satellites and interplanetary
flights. They also discussed questions of flight supplying, in particularly,
when international space station work program planning would be realized from
different control centers. They discussed an analysis of interplanetary designed
ballistic scheme selection, in particularly, within Mars manned expedition.
Many represented reports were aimed at to develop and improve apparatus,
systems and its element basis to use it in navigational aids. On sittings they
discussed construction principles, computation methods and design of automatic
and automated control systems by different RSD objects, and also perspective
directions of RSD object intelligent control systems development and creation.
An important role in the reports took place problems of information handling in
control systems and its functioning accuracy increase, and also utilization of
contemporary computation and design techniques, questions of simulating and
ground-based work through these systems. Applied
investigations securing science intensive technologies application in
rocket-space device industrial engineering, production and exploitation were
the discussion subject on following sittings: 11th - "Science
intensive technologies in rocket-space devices", 16th - "Ground-based
work through jet propulsion systems and thermal-vacuum testing of rocket-space
devices" and 19th - <Производство конструкций ракетно-космической техники>. The first group of reports was devoted to solution the
main actual problems of rocket-space device creation and exploitation.
Exploitation fail safety and environmental safety of rocket-space devices
applied for near and deep space investigation in national economy interests and
Earth civilization evolution in whole. A global aerospace branch establishment
informatization, a creation of corporative geographically distributed
informational telecommunicational establishment control systems, an inculcation
in day-to-day activity interactive electronic technical manuals (IETM) and
others ISP-technologies elements providing an informational supplying products
of rocket-space devices within all vital cycle stages, a business-process
restructuring, a computerized integrated production creation for the purpose to
make Russian aerospace branch integration in the world economic community
closer and more complete. An inculcation in an aerospace device development
industrial process high resource-saving and energy-saving environmental safety
technologies, a securing of Russian emergence to the world high-technology
market. The second reports group represents achievements,
peculiarities and problems of present science intensive technologies applied in
RSD production. In particularly, a great attention was got to production
problems of composite material constructions, ceramics components. Perspective
technology methods were represented by reports on water-jet and magnetoimpuls
treatment technologies, and also about investigations in the framework of the
traditional machine work. An essential part of the reports was devoted to
blanking production problems, for instance, a bending, a shaping, a slotting.
One could hear in the reports innovations in methods of functional skin
applying, telemetric rocket-borne system reading reliability increase. Some
reports were devoted to technology process projection automation. A ponderable
part of the reports was traditionally devoted to assemblage and control
problems of bulky and rigidless constructions, in particularly, a reflector of
14 meters, tree-ply panels for flying vehicle airframes. Besides the problems
of technological rocket-space device supplying production they represented
actual purity problems of production area, technological surroundings and
engineering rocket-space device system. Humanitarian
problems of the XXXth academic Conference on Astronautics were
represented by fundamental and applied investigations on following scientific
branches: space activity economics, Astronautics and sustainable society
development, aerospace education and young people problems, space biology and
medicine, Astronautics and culture, by which corresponding sections worked. In the reports by space activity economics the
following practical and scientific problems were represented: policy
development of the branch and particular establishment restructuring, questions
of aerospace industry marketing system creation and development, problems of
the global space market formation and development, economical aspect
investigation of all-level space project development and realization, commercial
aspects of dual-use space system creation, perspectives of Russian space
service market and its particular component development. Together with
traditional questions representing an essential interest from the viewpoint of
socioeconomic rocket-space b ranch functioning aspects the section work
represented problems emerged at recent time: an economic investment space
activity project safety estimation as a project efficiency criterion, an
economic-mathematical aerospace activity simulation, changes in aerospace
industry specialist training system. Scientific-technology,
socioeconomic and method-organizational problems were discussed by the
scientific branch "Astronautics and sustainable society development". Solution
of the latter ones contributes to an improvement and an advancement of new
engineering and technology branch development directions, formation of space
legislation, an increase of international collaboration efficiency, a state
socioeconomic development. They discussed the main problem questions: -
Astronautics and socioeconomic
development and environmental safety; -
space informational
technologies as socioeconomic development factors; -
international law and space
activity; -
perspectives of space and
lunar mastering engineering and technology development, perspectives of
environment catastrophe preventing engineering and technology development. By aerospace education and
youth problems they represented questions concerned with uninterrupted and
integrated purposeful specialist training for rocket-space complex. The
professor of "Space vehicles and carrier rocket" department,
B.B. Petrikevich noted that the basis purposes of uninterrupted skilled
education were the following ones: -
preservation and an
improvement of skilled rocket-space branch potential quality; -
supplying of forward
high-skilled specialist training for the branch; -
formation of raising
professional education quality for rocket-space complex. Representatives
of Russian innovative scientific-educational airspace industry complex paid
attention to creation of a professional certification System for rocket-space
industry. A purpose of the System creation is to raise quality and safety, to
reduce "human factor" influence when carrying out the work concerned
rocket-space device production and exploitation. Specialist professional
certification takes on special significance in skilled maintenance supplying
within international projects and programs which have to be carried out by
specialists having professional competence Certifications by corresponding
professional activity types. Section discussion participants also discussed
actual questions concerned skilled elite training for the rocket-space
branch. V.E.Medvedev's report by this subject was paid great interest;
questions led to discussion. In addition to problems being peculiar to
traditional high education, an elite education should secure conditions to
form and educate creative and high moral standards personality. The main attention by scientific branches on space
biology and medicine was paid in represented reports to medico-biologic
supplying of man flights to space. They represented different levels of
biological organization and showed place points of space flight factor (SFF)
influence upon biological systems, broached problems related a prophylaxis of
negative weightlessness influence on man organism. Some reports showed that SFF
influence upon biological systems would have indirect nature related with
change of physical medium characters. Results represented in the reports were
mostly outcomes of perennial fundamental investigations carried out on the
space complex "Mir" and Russian segment of the International Space Station
(ISS). These results have a great application significance both to realize the
ISS man flight program and to make ready for future interplanetary flights
(Moon, Mars). Questions of rocket-space device history are very
actual for present Astronautics because they are an objective source to
describe and to analyze a role of native Astronautics' events and achievements
for its evolution. In addition to reports formed a work basis of the "Rocket-space
device history" section this kind of reports were represented almost
in all sections. For instance, in the report "A role of gas dynamic
simulating investigations within environmental rocket test of the chief
designers S.P. Korolev, M.K. Yangel,and V.N. Chelomey in start
gas dynamic development" on the section "Objects of ground-based
rocket complex infrastructure" they discussed the main stages of start gas
dynamic evolution beginning at the first rocket complex generation creation
till today. The report was presented by a direct participant of the events, the
Doctor of Technical Science, professor V.A. Khotulev who had begun
his work by these problems together V.P. Barmin and S.P. Korolev and
had taken part in start gas dynamic work through of almost all native
ground-based, shaft-based and marine-based rocket and rocket-space complexes. One of Conference branches was orientated to discuss
investigation results of space mastering pioneers' scientific work represented
by corresponding section. Moreover in the XXXth Conference framework
had place a symposium devoted to memory of the air-feed jet engine
theory originator, the Academician B.S. Stechkin (on the occasion
of 115th anniversary of the birth). Alla
Konstantinovna Medvedeva, Scientific specialist, Institute
of Natural Sciences and Technique History of RAS; Scientific Secretary
of RAS Committee on developing scientific legacy of Pioneers of outer Space
development. |
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