Scientific Conference XXX-th Academic Conference
on Astronautics Section "Astronautics and steady
development of a society: concepts, problems and
solutions" (Moscow, Russia, January, 2006) Yu.A.Matveev, V.I.Florov Moscow Aviation Institute Volokolamskoe shosse, 4, Moscow, A-80, GSP-3, 125993, Russia In our time there are some problems in front of our
country and international community, which problems which in many respects
influence an opportunity of long existence of civilizations. They are
social-economical problems, ecological, demographic, personnel, power, problems
of a safety, cultural-educational, etc. Opportunities of solving of these
problems the specified problems are considered at the international, state,
regional, branch levels. The analysis shows, that space technologies can
promote the solving of a lot of the listed problems. At
Section the following basic questions were discussed: -
astronautics, social and economic development
and ecological safety; -
space information technologies as the factor of
social and economic development; -
international law and space activity; -
prospects of development of technics and
technology of an outer space exploration, development of the moon, the
prevention of natural accidents. The
future development of astronautics in many respects is connected with the
decision of legal questions. In report by E.G.Semenenko, V.I.Lukjashchenko
"Space activity of the Russian Federation in a view of international
law problems" the complex of problems and problems of perfection of
the international space right is considered, on examples influence of legal
restrictions on the decision of technical and economic questions of the Russian
astronautics is shown. It is noted, that in connection with the new phenomena
occurring in conditions of expanding international space activity within the
limits of processes commercialisation, intensification of application of
technologies of small SC and
intellectualisations of space means, possible actions of the separate states on
accommodation of the weapon in space, occurrences in immediate prospects of
space objects (space planes),
etc., it is represented to the new concept of the decision necessary
development it is international-legal problems, formations it is
international-legal maintenance of space activity, including sold international
global space programs and projects. In the report from system positions
possible scripts are considered, is international-legal aspects and complex
consequences of activization of activity on application of technology a little
weight-dimensions space vehicles, on development of works on preventing of technogeny contamination of
a circumterraneous space, and also possible actions of the separate states on
working off, tests and accommodation of the weapon in space. The approach to
the decision of questions of neutralization of arising threats from influence
of these factors on a circumterraneous space is offered, and also
recommendations under the decision predicted is international-legal problems of
space activity in view of interests of Russia. Problems
and the general requirements to a space segment of the multipurpose integrated
space system in structure of the state system of information management of
scientific and technical and social sphere of the Russian Federation are
discussed in report by V.D.Kuskov and E.L.Novikova "Functional
problems and the general requirements to a space segment of the multipurpose
integrated space system in structure of the state system of information
management by scientific and technical and social sphere of the Russian
Federation". It is a problem of complex information of a society - as
a basis of model of operated development of a society, creation of logic-information basis of system designing of
greater ground-space systems of 21 centuries. These are problems of conversion
of space technologies for good safety social development. The
problem of ecological safety at expansion of space activity was considered in
report by A.A.Pozina, Y.A.Matveev, D.A.Koshelev "Management of
ecological risks and safety is rocket-space activity in rocket ranges for
separated parts of rockets of carriers". Questions of modelling and an
estimation of risk, management of risks are discussed. It is shown, that the
analysis of such approaches influences technical and technological decisions
SRT, on the organization and economy of space-rocket activity. The general
statement of a problem of efficient control by ecological safety is resulted at
influence of SR complexes and technologies on Areas of Falling of Separating
Elements of LV (AF SELV). It is shown, that program-goals management of
ecological safety of AF SELV (ES AF SELV) should be based on a method of an
estimation of ecological risk. The algorithm of definition and achievement of a
demanded level of ecological risk of SRC and technologies is resulted. The
structure and structure of methodical maintenance ES AF SELV is considered. By
development of structure of methodical maintenance ES AF SELV the basic
requirements of international standard ISO-14001 are considered. It is
necessary to note, that the problem of ecological safety of space-rocket
activity draws attention of the public more and more. Unfortunately, a number
of the declared reports on this subject has not sounded on Readings. In
report by V.J.Kljushnikov "About entropy paradigm of the
mechanism of solar-terrestrial communications" attempt to establish
influence of solar activity on processes in a techno-sphere is done. By present
time are revealed diverse effects in the biological objects, being by
consequence changes of solar activity. They are observed at various levels of
the organization of biological objects: population, organismic, functional,
structural, cellular, biochemical, etc. Recently, a number of the data
specifying influence of solar-magnetic activity and on technogeny sphere is
received. So, for example, there are bases to believe, that there are
correlation communications between frequency of technogeny failures (accidents)
and activity of the Sun. Consequences of increase in the general entropy
planets at increase in solar activity, apparently, take place for technogeny
objects: entropy changes are capable to initiate refusals of techniques. Thus
the reasons of refusals of elements which condition is boundary in relation to
full loss of working capacity, probably, can be. In this case the moment of
loss of working capacity is defined by a number of thin factors, among which
most essential - increase in the general entropy because of decrease in
activity of the Sun. It is not excluded, that date of their manufacturing can
influence reliability of elements of technogeny objects (and accordingly a
level of activity of the Sun, - entropy). Development
of SRT and maintenance of economic safety of the state mutually
determined. In report by V.D.Onoprienko "Methodical
bases of development and formation of intermediate term prospect of development
SRT" are considered methodical features of development and formation
of intermediate term prospect of development grow in modern conditions. It is
shown, in particular, that administrative reform promotes increase of a
management efficiency a little. Overall objectives, problems and parameters of
development of the intermediate term program of space means in interests of a
science, social and economic sphere and the international cooperation should
contain in the complex intermediate term program the integrated characteristics
perspective SC, research problems and uses of a space in the modern social and
economic conditions, expected effect (result) from application of space means,
structure of research and development. And also purchase of serial space
techniques and operational charges of Federal space agency (Roskocmos) on
maintenance and operation of objects of ground space structure, on completion
and maintenance Orbital Group of SC, proceeding from a condition of parameters
of economic safety of space branch and the country, and also planned rates of
an output from a crisis condition in view of a time interval on which SRT and
space rocket industry (SRI) should reach a demanded level of development. Unlike
Federal Space Program (FSP)-2000, FSP - 2005, projects FSP-2015 and FCP
"Glonass" in view of parameters of economic safety SRT and SRI should
have new structure and new cycles of interrelation and mutual coordination of
procedures of program planning. In the report it is offered to use sliding
system of forward planning which is offered at a seminar "Reform of
budgetary process in the Russian Federation: intermediate term prospects and
formation of the federal budget for 2005" for intermediate term and annual
planning of the budget of the Russian Federation. Questions
of planning of development SRT for the decision of social and economic problems
is considered in report by G.S.Saprunov "Methodical bases of
development of federal space programs of scientific and social and economic
purpose" and by N.N.Popov "Methodology of formation of
subjects R&DW on
the basis of estimations of expected efficiency of their performance". In
the methodical plan development of Programs represents complex enough process
which provides consideration the multiple decision of problems, a choice of the
most economical variant providing balanced development of orbital means, means
of deducing, a ground space infrastructure, and also scientific, test and
industrial potentials of branch. Unlike earlier developed procedures of
formation of Programs by methodology development of initial plans of creation
of complexes (systems) and significant expansion of quantity of the factors
considered at a choice of a variant of the Program is provided, that as a whole
has raised efficiency of their substantiation. Initial plans of creation of
complexes consider all forthcoming stages of life cycle with the instruction of
technical, economic and time parameters. The
choice of a variant of the Program in considered methodology is carried out on
the basis of multicriterian parameter
of efficiency considering levels of the decision of private problems, volumes
of budgetary financing of program actions, size of economic benefit of results
of space activity in social and economic sphere, an export potential, the
decision of the environmental problems connected with application of space
means. In
N.N.Popov report it is shown, that now the organization and management Research Works (RW) in the developed countries
is one of the major characteristics not only functioning of scientific and
technical potential, but also all economy as a whole. The coordination of work
of structural elements RW with the general stimulus of industrial activity is
considered as defining moment of process of perfection of the economic
mechanism of communication of a science with manufacture and influences of
administrative factors on efficiency RW. Selection
of scientific and technical problems is carried out on the basis of preferences
on set of criteria of an estimation., from the point of view of scientific and
technical policy, on creation of a scientific and technical reserve problems
which estimations correspond to a set of estimations by the chosen criteria are
perspective. Thus, to each variant of the project of the program there is in
conformity a certain subset of scientific and technical problems on creation of
a scientific and technical reserve. The structure of scientific and technical
problems received by results of selection, scientific researches represents an
initial variant of the project of the Program, a subject the further
specification and development of its variants. The
modern level of the decision of problems of forecasting of radiating stability
and parametrical reliability of completing element base of equipment KA with
long terms of active existence is considered in the interesting report of
authors collective (A.V.Shivanov, etc.) "Problems of forecasting
of radiating stability and parametrical reliability of elements of completing
base for equipment KA with long for active existence in an orbit ".
This problem is rather actual at planning long expeditions, at creation of
double technologies. Interesting
was cased by report of J.M.Yes'kov, V.I.Florov with participation
of group of students of Korolev's college of space mechanical engineering and
technology (O.Zharov, A.Zyuganov, A.Komyagin, K.Nikitina, D.Taranov) "Space
transport system for economic development of the Moon". Last
decades even more often there are ideas rather advisability creations in
circumterraneous space of industrial systems for the Earth. It both power and
ecological systems and systems scientific-control and protective purpose in relation to the Earth. There are
bases to assume, that the quantity of such ideas will grow. But it from its
part means expansion in circumterraneous space of manufacture. For manufacture
it is necessary financially-power supply sources. The transport system from
three subsystems is offered. The first -
two shuttle subsystem the "Earth-Space-Earth" accordingly air field and orbital
basing with aerodynamic quality of shuttles, with use of "lunar fuel" a shuttle
of orbit basing, with re-loading of cargoes in an intermediate orbit of their
meeting. The second - two shuttle
poorly traction subsystem "space-space" with re-loading cargoes in an average
libration point systems the Earth-Moon. The third - a subsystem "space-Moon-space". The second and third subsystems
are completely provided with "lunar fuel". Scientific
level and working-over of questions considered in reports, naturally,
different. As a whole, however, scientifically-technical, social and economic
and organizational problems of development of the astronautics, discussed on
Section, are actual. The decision of the last promotes perfection and promotion
of new directions of development of techniques and technology in branch, to
becoming of the space legislation, increase of efficiency of the international
cooperation, social and economic development of the country. Yury Alexandrovich Matveev, šDr., Prof., MAI-STU, Academician of Russian
Academy of Astronautics of K.E.Tsiolkovsky's name. Scientific interests:
designing, management of development in rocket-space engineering. Vadim Il'yich Florov, researcher, TSNIIMASH,
Astronautics Veteran, Academician
of Russian Academy of Astronautics of K.E.Tsiolkovsky's name. Scientific
interests: systemic designing, forecasting in rocket-space engineering |
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