Perspective automatic spacecrafts of Lavochkin Association

for fundamental scientific researches

(to the 70-th Anniversary of Lavochkin Association)

G.M.Polischuk, V.V.Efanov, A.A.Moisheev, K.M.Pichkhadze

Lavochkin Scientific-Production Association

24, Leningradskoe sУhosse, Khimki, нп, 141400, Russia

 

Lavochkin scientific-production association was created in 1937, as aviation company. It is well known by creation of such planes as LA-5, LA-7, LA-250б-II (Anaconda), then by winged cruise intercontinental missile <Bourya> and by antiaircraft controlled missiles of air protection system <Dal'>.

In 1965 our enterprise has changed its creating activity under creation of automatic spacecrafts for investigation of the Moon and Solar system planets. All over the world famous spacecrafts of , <Venera>, series were built, which had won a row of the world priorities: soft landing onto Mars; automatic soil samples taking on the Moon and its delivery to the Earth, etc.

We propose projects of space complexes as of several tones in mass as a small spacecrafts with mass of several hundreds and tens of kilograms.

In order to optimize using of material and intellectual resources researches of Mars are proposed to be done stage by stage. At the first stage surface of the planet and close to Mars space will be studied remotely from Mars artificial satellite orbit. For investigation of its natural satellite Phobos we create <Phobos-grunt> space complex. The main purpose of the project is - taking of Phobos soil samples from its surface and delivery them to the Earth. Description of this complex structure, its main scientific and service systems is given. Scheme of <Phobos-grunt>љ mission and its stages of realization are shown. Flight control center will be located in Lavochkin Association.

Second stage of proposed Mars exploration program includes execution of in-situ investigations with marsrover delivery there. Then mission for delivery of planetary substance samples to Earth is planned. General views of these spacecrafts are presented.

After long pause scientific interest to Venus reappears. For its further investigation experimetnts sufficiently prolonged in time are necessary. At the surface of the planet - no less than 1 month, at the Venusian orbit ~ 3 years. General view of the lander with location of the main scientific and service subsystems is shown.

During last years due to achievements of the world space technick and technology, flights of automatic spacecrafts to planet-giants to Solar system peripheries have become possible. Proposals on concept of such researches are given.

At the present time all leading space countries includes researches of the Moon in their perspective plans of Solar system investigation which determines by reasonability of applied investigation of moon resources in interests of mankind and creation of bases for future manned missions. Pre-project development of proposal on creation of automatic spacecrafts for the Moon exploration from MAS orbit and spacecraft for complex exploration of the Moon has been done in Lavochkin Association. Their general views are presented.

For further explorations of space plasma and solar-terrestrial interactions <Rezonance> spacecraft is being created, general view of which is shown.

Many of mentioned spacecrafts are being created basing on design-structural and technological heritage of <Phobos-grunt> theme.

Astrophysical branch is important in fundamental space researches. Now we are creating space observatories of series. - will provide radioastrophysical observations of extragalactic objects with extra-high resolution by methods of radiointerferometria. Development of this project will be creation of <Millimetron> space observatory for observation of astronomical objects with super-high sensitivity in millimeter, submillimeter and far infrared spectrum bands.

- will provide investigations in UV- wavebands, studying of physical-chemical properties of planets and comets, star atmospheres physics, properties of interstellar and near-stellar substance.

- will provide explorations in X-ray and gamma-bands, including research of dark matter and dark energy - important fundamental problem of modern science.

General views of these observatories and base space platform used for their creation are shown.

Significant attention we pay to creation of perspective micro-spacecrafts based on unified space microplatform. Its general view is shown.

The most part of presented projects are reflected in Federal space program for 2006-2015.

 

Georgy Maximovich Polischuk, Designer General and Director General of Lavochkin Association, Doctor of technical sciences, professor. Sphere of scientific interests: design of automatic space complexes, system analysis.

Konstantin Mikhailovich Pichkhadze, First Deputy Designer General and Director General of Lavochkin Association, Doctor of technical sciences, professor. Sphere of scientific interests: design and structure of automatic spacecrafts for planetary and astrophysics researches, dynamic and problems of the SC flight control.

Alexander Alexandrovich Moisheev, Deputy Designer General - Chief Designer of DB Lavochkin Association, Candidate of technical sciences. Sphere of scientific interests: design and structure of automatic spacecrafts.

Vladimir Vladimirovich Efanov, Deputy Chief Designer of DB on science in Lavochkin Association, Doctor of technical sciences, professor. Sphere of scientific interests: design and structure of spacecrafts service systems, physics of explosion.