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ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF AVIATION AND AEROSPACE SYSTEMS
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Scientific Conference

Actual problems of Russia Astronautics

XXXII Academic Conference on Astronautics

(Moscow, Russia, January 29 - February 1, 2008)

A.K.Medvedeva

Institute for history of natural sciences and technology of RAS

From January 29 through February 1, 2008, the XXXII academic conference on astronautics with the participation of foreign scientists has been held in Moscow, devoted to the memory of Academician S.P.Korolev and other outstanding domestic scientists - the pioneers of exploration of outer space. The Russian space-rocket community has been represented at the readings by a significant number of participants - by over 1680 persons from over 150 organizations. The papers were presented by 1005 scientists and experts, 425 of which made speeches with them in public at plenary and section sessions. Within the framework of the conference the two plenary sessions took place, twenty sections have been working. In total, there were 44 section sessions.

The conference was inaugurated by a plenary session in the Big Hall of the Training and Laboratory Building of N.E. Bauman's Moscow State Technical University (MSTU) where, by tradition, the audience was addressed by the chairman of the Organizing Committee Academician B.E.Chertok.

The first plenary session was devoted to centenaries of three remarkable persons - they are pioneers of exploration of outer space - Academicians V.P.Glushko, A.N.Pilyugin and A.M.Isaev. The following speakers presented the papers: N.A.Pirogov, the General Director of Academician V.P.Glushko's NPO Energomash, the General Designer B.I.Katorgin - "Academician V.P.Glushko. At the 100 Year Anniversary of Birth"; E.L.Mezhiritsky, the General Director of Academician N.A.Pilyugin's NPTs AP, the First Assistant General Designer V.A.Nemkevich, a department chief G.M.Priss - "A founder of domestic systems of autonomous control of rocket and space-rocket complexes -Academician N.A.Pilyugin"; V.A.Petrik, the General Director of A.M.Isaev's KB Khimmash (Isayev Design Bureau for Chemical Engineering), the First Assistant of General Director - Chief Designer I.A.Smirnov - "Chief Designer A.M.Isaev - an outstanding creator of Liquid Rocket Engines and Liquid Rocket Propulsion Systems".

The second plenary session was devoted to problems of study and exploration of distant space. Speeches were made by: V.G.Kurt, the Deputy Director of Astro-Space Center of FIAN (Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow) of the Russian Academy of Sciences - "Modern achievements of extra-atmospheric astronomy"; G.M.Polishchuk, the Chief Designer and General Director of S.A.Lavochkin's NPO, V.V.Efanov, the Assistant of Chief Designer of the design bureau - "The modern and perspective space complexes of S.A.Lavochkin's NPO for innovative social and economic development of Russia".

The section sessions at the XXXII academic conference on astronautics were held in 20 sections.

A group of sections: the 2nd - The airspace vehicles. Design and construction, the 12th - The ground infrastructure facilities of rocket complexes, the 18th - Automatic space vehicles for planetary and astrophysical studies. Design, construction, testing and calculation considered the problems of applied researches in the field of creation of new types of space-rocket systems and their ground maintenance. The speeches were presented by leading organizations of space-rocket industry from various large research-and-production centers of the Russian Federation: RKK Energiya (S.P.Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia) (Korolev, Moscow Region), TsNIIMASH (Korolev, Moscow Region), the Khrunichev GKNPTs (Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center) (Moscow), the Keldysh Center (Moscow), the Russian Federal Nuclear Center - VNII for Experimental physics (All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Physics) (Sarov), M.M.Gromov Flight Research Institute (Zhukovskiy, Moscow Region), the Design Bureau "Salut" (Moscow), the Scientific Research Institute for Applied Mechanics and Electrodynamics (Moscow), the Arsenal Design Bureau ( St. Petersburg), S.I.Vavilov State Optical Institute (St. Petersburg).

The most significant scientific directions of researches in the field of ground complexes and starting equipment of space-rocket systems, presented in the speeches, were: the development and application of automated, resource-saving, and information technologies in the construction of starting equipment; the research of characteristics of gas-dynamic, acoustic, dynamic and thermal processes in the starting equipment during preparation and start of space-rocket systems; the development of modeling methods and the optimum control of starting equipment operation.

The results of fundamental studies and developments of the domestic space-rocket science and technology in the field of gas dynamics, plasma dynamics and its applications for the provision of propulsion of carrier rockets and space vehicles were considered at sessions of following sections: the 7th - Development of astronautics and fundamental problems of gas-dynamic, burning and heat exchange, the 3rd - The founders of space propulsion engineering and the problems of theory and design of airborne vehicles engines, the 4th - Space power engineering and space electro-rocket propulsion systems - current problems of creation and ensuring of quality; high technologies, the 15th - Combined power systems for hypersonic and aerospace airborne vehicles. It was pointed out, in particular, that the creation of the liquid rocket engine RD-180, exceptionally important for domestic rocket technology, and its successful introduction in the international space-rocket market owes to active scientific and technological, marketing and foreign trade activities of NPO Energomash with an essential support of the state. There were reported results of current researches of physical and chemical processes in streams containing fine-dispersed dust particles. New results were presented on the research of a model of clusters formation, nucleation speeds and phase transitions for concrete substances. These questions are being discussed in connection with the arrangement of effective utilization of energy carriers and the environmental safety at various operating modes of airspace vehicles engines. In this direction's materials discussed there is reflected a characteristic tendency for the integration of efforts and results of fundamental and applied studies aimed at the solution of problems of gas dynamics, burning and heat exchange that are related to the operation and improvement of already created and newly developed space vehicles, and also aimed at the strengthening of communication, on this basis, between design organizations, academic and educational institutes. From the newest studies on the problems of creation of combined power systems with the use of jet propulsion engines it is evident that they may become the most probable type of a power system of perspective hypersonic vehicles. Moreover, from the papers presented and the reviews of foreign studies it is apparent that the prospects of creation of new types of engines for aviation and space-rocket systems - the Pulse Detonation Engines (PDE) - becomes quite real.

Problems in the field of applied studies of space navigation and control of motion were considered at sessions of following sections: the 5th - Applied celestial mechanics and control of motion", the 13th - Space navigation and robotic", the 17th - Control systems of space vehicles and complexes. The most significant of these became papers on solar sail, micro satellites and interplanetary missions. Also were discussed questions of assuring flights, in particular when planning for programs of operation of the International Space Station from various control centers; the analysis of the selection of design-ballistic schemes of interplanetary flights, in particular in case of manned expedition to Mars. The course of many papers presented was the development and improvement of instrumentation, systems and their element base for use in the navigating equipment. At sessions there were considered the principles of construction, the methods of calculation and designing of automatic and automated control systems of various objects of space-rocket systems, and also the long-term directions of development and creation of intellectual control systems of such objects. Important place was given to papers on the problems of information processing in control systems and increasing its functioning accuracy, and also to the use of modern technologies of calculation, designing, the issues of modeling and ground testing of these systems.

The applied studies providing for the application of high technologies in the arrangement of production, manufacturing and operation of space-rocket systems were a point of discussion at sessions of sections 11 - Science intensive technologies in space-rocket technology and 19 - Manufacture of installations of space-rocket technology.

The first group of reports was devoted to the solution of basic actual problems of creation and operation of space-rocket systems: the reliability and the environmental safety of operation of space-rocket systems used for research of near and far outer space in the interests of national economy and the development of terrestrial civilization as a whole. A comprehensive IT provision of enterprises of space industry, the creation of corporate territorially distributed information-telecommunication systems of enterprise management, introduction into daily routine of interactive electronic technical controls and other elements of CALS-technologies (Continuous Acquisition and Life-Cycle Support), providing information support of products of space-rocket technology at all stages of the life cycle, the re-structuring of business processes, the creation of Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) for the purpose of closer and fuller integration of the Russian space industry in the international economic community. The introduction of high tech resource and energy saving environmentally safe technologies into the production process of developing of space systems, ensuring entry of Russia into the world market of high technologies.

The second group of reports reflects the achievements, features and problems of modern science intensive technologies applied in the manufacturing of rocket-space systems. In particular, great attention was given to problems of manufacturing of units out of composite materials, parts of ceramics. The perspective technological methods have been represented by reports on hydro jet and magnetic pulse technologies of processing, and also on the researches within the limits of traditional machining. A considerable portion of reports was devoted to problems of procurement production, for example bending, forming, cutting, hole punching. In reports there were pronounced innovations in methods of applying of functional coatings, improvement of reading reliability of onboard telemetric systems of rockets. Some reports were devoted to designing automation of technological processes. A ponder able share of reports was traditionally devoted to problems of assembly and control of large-sized, low rigidity elements.

Another set of problems at the XXXII academic conference on astronautics has been represented by fundamental and applied researches in the following scientific directions: economics of space activity, astronautics and the steady evolution of society, the aerospace education and the problems of youth, aerospace biology and medicine, astronautics and culture, on which respective section were working.

In the papers and announcements on the economics of space activity the following practical and scientific problems were considered: the development of a strategy for re-structuring of the industry and separate enterprises and organizations, the questions of creation and development of a system of marketing of space industry, the problem of formation and development of the global space market, the study of economic aspects of development and realization of space projects of various levels, the commercial aspects of creating space systems of double purpose, the prospect of development of the Russian market for space services and its separate components. Along with the traditional issues representing essential interest from the point of view of economic-social aspects of functioning of the space-rocket branch, in the work of the section found a reflection the problems having arisen just recently: an assessment of economic safety of investment projects of space activity as a criterion of efficiency of the project, economic-mathematical modeling of space activity, a change in the system of professional training for space industry.

The scientific and technical, social and economic and organizational-methodical problems were discussed within scientific direction "Astronautics and the steady development of society". Resolving of the last would promote enhancement and promotion of new directions of development of the technology in the industry, the formation of aerospace legislation, increasing of efficiency of international cooperation, social and economic development of the country.

In the set of problems of aerospace education and problems of youth the questions were considered associated with the continuous, integrated target training of specialists for the space-rocket complex. Participants of section sessions also discussed current issues related to the preparation of professional elite for space-rocket industry.

On scientific directions of space biology and medicine the main attention in the papers presented was given to medical and biological provision of flights of man in outer space. The results presented in the papers, in their majority, are a result of longstanding fundamental studies onboard an orbiting complex "MIR" and onboard the Russian segment of the International Space Station (ISS).

The issues of history of space-rocket technology are closely related to modern astronautics as they are an objective source of describing and analyzing of the role of events and accomplishments of the past of domestic astronautics for its development.

One of directions of the conference was oriented towards consideration of the results of studies of the scientific creative work of pioneers of space exploration, represented by a corresponding section.

 



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