Scientific Conference Actual problems of Russia Astronautics XXXIII Academic Conference on Astronautics ( A.K.Medvedeva Institute for history of natural sciences and
technology of RAS The XXXIIIrd
Academic Conference on Astronautics dedicated to the memory of Academician
S.P.Korolev and other outstanding domestic scientists - the pioneers of space
exploration, took place on 26-30 January 2009. They were conducted at Russian space society was represented by 1700
participants from 150 organizations. The papers were presented by more that 950
scientists and specialists, 454 of them delivered the papers publicly at
plenary meetings and sessions. The Conference' geography is rather broad.
There were participants from Moscow, Moscow region (Korolev, Khimky, Zvezdniy,
Yubileyniy, Reutov, Zhukovskiy, Kaliningrad), St. Petersburg, Krasnoyarsk,
Novosibirsk, Kazan, Samara, Omsk, Perm', Saratov, Rostov-na-Donu, Kaluga,
Gagarin (Smolensk region), Kiev, Dnepropetrovsk (Ukraine), Volgograd,
Kirovograd, Samarkand (Uzbekistan), Kuviliya (Portugal), Italy, France, PRC,
Vietnam, etc. The papers were actively
discussed by the scientists and specialists from many organizations:
S.P.Korolev RSC "Energiya", V.P.Glushko SPA "Energomash", M.V.Khrunichev SSSPC,
S.A.Lavochkin SPA, CSRIME "TsNIIMash", SPA "Mashinostroenie", N.A.Pilyugin SPA AP,
V.I.Kuznetsov SRI PM, SPA of Applied Mechanics, CIAM, CIAH ("TsAGI"), M.V.Keldysh
Research Center, I.V.Kurchatov Russian Scientific Center, EDB "Fakel", A.Lyulka
STC, Agat, "Composit" Ltd., "NPO Molniya" Ltd., SPA "Taifun", SRI SS, SPA
"Saturn", FTsDT "Soyuz", SDB "Yuzhnoe", Tupolev Ltd., 4th CSRI of
DM, RSRI of Electromechanics, M.L.Mil' Helicopter Plant Ltd., M.V.Keldysh
Institute on Applied Mathematics of RAS, A.A.Dorodnitsin Computation Center of
RAS, S.I.Vavilov Institute on natural science and engineering history of RAS,
Institute on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of Siberian Branch of RAS,
Institute on Machine Science of RAS, Mechanics Institute of RAS, Mechanics
Institute of MSU, Institute on Chemical Physics of RAS, Institute on System
Programming of RAS, ITES of RAS, Bauman MSTU, MSU, MEPhI, MAI, N.E.Zhukovskiy VVIA,
Peter the Great Military Academy of RFSP, Higher School of Economics,
University of Russian Educational Academy, St. Petersburg State University,
Volgograd State University, St. Petersburg State Technological Institute,
S.P.Korolev Samara State Aerospace University, Kirovograd National Technical
University, A.N.Tupolev Kazan State Technical University (Aviation Institute),
Samara Aerospace University, Beira Interior University (Portugal), Institute of
Thermal Physics of SB RAS, ITAME SB RAS (Novosibirsk), PhTI RAS (St.
Petersburg), BSTU (St. Petersbutg), K.E.Tsiolkovskiy Russian Academy of Astronautics,
Astronautics Federation of Russia, Council of Veterans of Space Forces,
Archives of RAS, Russian State Archives of NTD, K.E.Tsiolkovskiy GMIK,
Polytechnic Museum. The opening speech was made by the Chairman of
the Organizing Committee Academician B.Ye.Chertok who is a pioneer of Russian Astronautics
and S.P.Korolev's companion. He spoke about the background of domestic space
and rocket engineering that was established in the The Conference started
with the Plenary Meeting where the paper was delivered on "Space activities in 1. Development of space complexes and
systems of new generation. 2. Accomplishment and further
development of GLONASS system. 3. Development of orbital constellation
of spacecrafts. 4. Russian expansion into the world
space market. 5. Organizational and structural
transformation in space and rocket industry. 6. Modernization of ground space
infrastructure and technological level of space and rocket industry. 7. Formation of staff reserves for
innovative development of space and rocket industry. General Director and General
Designer of FSUE "NPP VNIIEM" Academician of RAKTs L.A.Makridenko and Chief
Designer of space meteorological complexes Academician of AEN RF Yu.V.Trifonov
submitted their paper "To the 45th Anniversary of launch of the first
domestic meteorological artificial satellite and to the 40th
Anniversary of quick meteorological space system "Meteor"". They trace the
history of development and launches of the first meteorological satellites up
to now. The meteorological satellites provide us with absolutely new
information on the processes in atmosphere and on the Earth surface. Moreover,
regular operation of quick "Meteor" satellites contributed to hydrometeorology
(Goscomgidromet) and economy branches: it helped to accumulate the experience
of practical implementation of the satellite data, to work out and improve the
methods for their ground adjustment and interpretation, and to train the staff
for the satellite hydrometeorology. Nowadays a space complex "Meteor-3M" is
developed at "NPP VNIIEM" for hydro-meteorological and oceanographic support
with a space vehicle "Meteor-M" #1 which starts the series of promising space
vehicles (SV) for quick acquisition of information for the weather forecast,
ozone layer and radiation control in circum-terrestrial space. SV "Meteor-M"-1
is also responsible for the monitoring of sea surface including the lighting of
ice conditions for shipping support in polar regions. The principal event at the XXXIIIrd Conference
was certainly B.Ye.Chertok's report "Astronautics in the 21st
century". "Astronautics' development in the XXIst century will be
provided not only by its own previous scientific and technological groundwork's
but also by the progress in many areas of science, technology, economy and
world policy. Forecast of its development should be attributed to the field of
futurology, i.e. the concept of future human civilization. The future of Astronautics
should be predicted together with analysis of national and state social and
political strategy". The paper covers and analyses the following issues: -
countries and Astronautics; -
geostationary orbit (GSO); -
Moon exploration; -
star wars; -
groundbreaking
discoveries in space exploration; -
fantastic forecast. The paper appeared to be sensational
and provoked a hot discussion (presented paper text is published in the Proceedings of
the XXXIIIrd Academic Conference on Astronautics, Moscow, January
2009, and uploaded to www.ihst.ru/~akm/). At the plenary meetings of the Conference four
centenaries were specially mentioned of the outstanding people, the founders of
Soviet Astronautics. The paper "Founder of the Soviet "on
ground". To the
centenary of General Designer of space and rocket launch complexes Academician
V.P.Barmin" was delivered by the General Director and General Designer of
V.P.Barmin KBOM, correspondent member of RAS I.V.Barmin. The paper states the
main stages of life and creative work of Academician V.P.Barmin. "Mikhail
Sergeevich Ryazanskiy - Chief Designer of space radio electronic systems,
founder and the first director of RI-885. To the 100th
Anniversary". Delivered by the principal scientific
associate of FSUE "RNII KP" K.V.Cherevkov. "Chief
Designer of Russian spaceplane. To the 100th
Anniversary of G.Ye.Lozino-Lozinskiy". Reported by
Deputy General Director on science and innovations of "NPO Molniya" Public
Corporation M.I.Osin. "Semen Mikhailovich Alexeev - founder of
scientific production enterprise "Zvezda". To the 100th
Anniversary". Delivered by General Director - Chief
Designer of SPA "Zvezda" S.S.Pozdnyakov. 45 sessions were held at the Conference in the
framework of 20 sections. Section 2, 12, 18 considered the applied
research in development of new samples of space and rocket engineering and their
ground service. The reports at the sections deal with analysis of current state
of Russian Astronautics and the structure of program being run. It is shown
that in crisis conditions the Astronautics should not stay in subsidized area
of residual financing but should initiate technological and personnel renewal. The complex reports and debates formed the
elements of renewal of near-Earth and near-Moon transport structure,
development of multipurpose orbital space port, power and informational center,
prototype of manned moon base in a single organizational scheme allowing for
the economic capabilities and time limits dictated by the world competition. A program of Moon research mobile base was
discussed that was submitted by MAI and MSTU and essentially differs from the
programs of Russian and American associations in cost minimization, short
implementation period, new ballistic construction on the basis of launches of a
limited number of existing carrier rockets. The Program sets the problems of
quality technological renewal of space and ground industry (hydrogen fuel,
solar power engineering, laser and plasma engineering), tries to form a
conceptual step of Russian Astronautics simultaneously with solution of
personnel, social and political problems. The distinguishing feature of section 12 was an
address to the cultural heritage of the founder of domestic launch
constructions for fighting and space rocket complexes, General Designer and
Academician of USSR Academy of Sciences and Russian Academy of Sciences
V.P.Barmin whose 100th Anniversary will be celebrated in March 2009.
His contribution to development of unique launching site for strategic missiles
and carrier rockets for the space vehicles was considered in the opening speech
of the Chairman of the 12th section, correspondent member of RAS
I.V.Barmin and also in a number of papers submitted by ROSCOSMOS departments:
FSUE KBOM, FSUE DB "Vympel", "TsNIIMash". The
following scientific directions in research of ground complexes and launch
equipment for space and rocket engineering were covered in the papers of
section 12: -
development
and application of automated, resource saving and information techniques in
launch constructions; -
research
of gas-dynamic, acoustic, dynamic and thermal processes in launch equipment
during preparation and launch of space and rocket systems; -
development of approaches for evaluation of the operating
conditions for the technological equipment of launch and service complexes,
development of simulation and optimal control of launch equipment operation. Section 18 considered the papers on
basic and applied space research, aspects of development and operation of
automated space vehicles. New promising projects were submitted and much
attention was given to improvement of the designed vehicles, design features of
spacecrafts, problems of ballistic support and interplanetary travels. The
delivered reports contained the results of well-grounded and profound basic
researches aimed at space exploration in current conditions. Sections 7, 3, 2 and 15 dealt with basic
research and developments in domestic space and rocket engineering in the field
of gas dynamics, plasma dynamics and their application for propulsion of
carrier rockets and space vehicles. A number of reviews were presented covering
the current state and problems of gas dynamics of flying vehicles in the
planets' atmospheres and control of flows around them. In the series of works
conducted at ICPh RAS new results are presented on research of combustion and
detonation processes for homogenous and heterogeneous fuel mixtures aimed at
development of promising air-feed jet engines for modern flying vehicles. The
results were reported of researches of physical and chemical processes that are
being conducted at MPhTI and "TsAGI" for disperse gas-drop and super-cooled
flows around the bodies. These results aim at examination of icing of a flying
vehicle and can also be used for development of visualizing means and contact-less
diagnostics of flows. A number of interrelated works carried out in "TsAGI",
ITAM SB RAS, ICPh RAS and NIMI dealt with combustion of metal fuels. There were
also papers that covered gas dynamic aspects of safety during the storage and
utilization of hydrogen. Exceedingly timely and
significant results were also reported that covered development of new methods
and calculation models for expansion of numerical experiments both in gas
dynamics and when conducting the works on new space programs. These issues were
covered in papers by the repre-sentatives of Mechanics Institute of MSU, FVMK
MSU, IKI RAS, IPM RAS, "TsAGI", CIAM. This group of sections presented the results of
continuing researches of physical and chemical processes in the flows
containing fine-dispersed dust particles. New research results were given on
the model of cluster formation, nucleation speed and phase
transitions for certain substances. These issues were discussed in association
with organization of efficient utilization of energy resources and
environmental safety at different operation modes of a flying vehicle engines.
The considered area reflects a typical feature of joining the efforts and
results of basic and applied researches aimed at solution of gas dynamics,
combustion and heat transfer problems associated with operation and improvement
of already designed space vehicles and development of new ones, and consequent
strengthening of communications between design departments, academic and
educational institutes. The latest researches of development of combined power
units with application of air-feed jet engines (hypersonic ramjet engine)
indicate that the latter can become the most probable type of power units for
promising hypersonic flying vehicles. Particular interest was raised by the problem
vividly presented in papers of section 15 that concerns development and design
of a new type of engines for aviation and aerospace systems, i.e.
high-frequency valve-less pulsating detonating engines. The theoretical
elaborations reported at the XXXIst, XXXIInd and XXXIIIrd
Conference at section 15 substantiated the application areas and advantages of
such engines. They were proved to have simpler construction, to be lighter and
cheaper in production and operation and to consume less fuel comparing with
existing engines that are used nowadays in aviation and aerospace engineering.
According to the opinion of participants of section 15, development of
detonating engines of original domestic layout is a foreground task of national
importance. But due to current conditions of chaotic industry
management and absence of control in expenditures of tangible assets it is
impossible to solve this problem in the foreseeable future only with
uncoordinated efforts of separate departments. All the intellectual, industrial
and financial means should be united under management of an authoritative and
competent aircraft building corporation which should be managed by the
government. The section's chairmen believe that this mission can be entrusted
to "NPO Saturn" Ltd. (in condition of proper funding). The popular tendency to
solve the problem at the level of separate researches of a number of
organizations will not accelerate but impede the development of a new engine of
periodic combustion. Besides, the delivered papers and reviews of foreign
researches demonstrate that it is quite feasible to develop a new type of
engines (pulsating detonating engines) for aviation and rocket engineering. Problem of applied research on space navigation
and motion control was considered at the sections 5, 13 and 17. The first
meeting of section 5 was devoted to "Scientific work of Academician D.Ye.Okhotsimskiy"
who was a permanent chairman of the section from its very establishment.
Scientific associates from IPM, MSU and other Russian scientific and
educational departments participated in the session. Vivid and interesting
reports presented not only theoretical and applied achievements of Academician
E.Ye.Okhotsimskiy and his creative life but also their development in many
scientific schools in different fields of knowledge in space flight dynamics,
motion control, satellite position control systems and other spheres of applied
celestial mechanics. The projects were comprehensively described from the
history of domestic Astronautics together with their participants - our
scientists and specialists. The reviews submitted at the first session once
again demonstrated the appropriateness of such an approach in a general topic
of the section, when historical papers on Astronautics development in our
country are associated with the problems solved by the scientists. At the 2nd and 3rd
meetings of section 5 the papers were submitted on current problems in
mathematics, mechanics and their applications in the problems of space flight
dynamics and motion control. The following issues were researched: motion of
natural celestial bodies (evolution of orbits of Jupiter's and Saturn's far
satellites, comet nucleus rotation); flight dynamics of artificial space
vehicles; control of their motion; satellite stabilization and position control
systems, etc. The majority of works being of high scientific level solve
specific practical problems that rise at implementation of modern technologies. Section 13 included the papers on current
problems of ballistics of satellite systems, planning and control of space
flights, and motion control for space vehicles. Section 17 dealt with
current problems of development of automatic and automated control systems for
the objects of space and rocket engineering (SRE) on the basis of control
theory, up-to-date information technologies and computer engineering.
Construction principles were considered together with calculation and design
approaches for the systems of automatic and automated control of different SRE
objects and promising trends in development and design of intelligent control
systems for such objects. Much attention in reports was paid to information
processing in control systems, improvement of their operation precision,
application of up-to-date techniques for computation and design, problems of
simulation and ground tryout of such systems. Issues of flight support were
discussed, particularly at planning of the work programs for international
space station from different control centers together with the analysis of
design and ballistic layout choice for interplanetary missions, in particular
for the manned flight to Mars. Many submitted papers were aimed at development
and improvement of devices, systems and their element base for application in
navigating equipment. Applied researches providing application of
high technologies at production organization, production and operation of
rocket and space engineering were the topic of sections 11 and 19. All the papers submitted at section 11 covered
the main current problems of development and operation of space and rocket
engineering: -
reliability
and environmental safety of space and rocket engineering used for near and far
space exploration in behalf of national economy and development of the whole
earth civilization; -
global
informatization of aerospace industry, establishment of corporative
geographically distributed information telecommunication control systems for
the enterprises, implementation of interactive electronic technical manuals and
technologies that provide information support of the products of space and rocket
engineering at each stage of their life cycle, restructuring of business
processes, development of computerized integrated industries for closer and
fuller integration of Russian aerospace industry into the world economic
society; -
implementation of high-tech resources and energy saving and
clean technologies in production process of aerospace devices development; how
to support The second group of papers described
the achievements, features and problems of up-to-date high technologies applied
at SRE production. In particular, much attention was paid to constructions made
of composite materials and details made of ceramics. The promising
technological approaches were represented by the reports on hydrodynamic and
magnetic-impulse machining, on research of traditional mechanical treatment, in
particular application of new materials for the tools. A significant part of
papers were devoted to the blank production, e.g. bending, nesting and hole punching. The papers covered the innovations in methods
of deposition of functional coatings, improvement of reliability of indications
of rocket onboard telemetry systems. A considerable part of papers were
traditionally devoted to assembly and control of large-size and low-rigid
constructions, in particular reflector with diameter of The humanities were represented by basic and
applied researches in the following scientific fields with correspondent
sections at the Conference: economics of space activities, Astronautics and
stable development of society, aerospace education and problems of young
people, space biology and medicine, Astronautics and culture. The current economic problems of space
activities were delivered in papers and widely discussed. We should note the
following considered research results: -
elaboration
of strategy for restructuring of the sector and some enterprises and
departments; -
problems
of economic safety of space activities in conditions of space market
development; -
exploration
of economic aspects of development and realization of space projects of
different purposes; -
prospects
of Russian market of space services and its separate elements; -
development
of integrated systems of commercial space projects realization; -
economic forecasts for development of GLONASS, ERS
(Earth Remote Sensing), "Air launch" ("Vozdushniy start") projects, etc. -
organization and economic problems of dual purpose
projects. Traditional problems are rather
interesting if their economic and social aspects of space industry functioning
are considered. These problems were discussed together with newly emerged
issues: -
tools
of financial market (investments, credits, insurance, capital issues, etc.) and
their application in space activities; -
economic
evaluation of intangible assets and intellectual property; -
economic
analysis of foreign aerospace projects and national programs; -
analysis of staff support of S&RI. Scientific,
technical, social, economic, organization and methodological issues discussed
in the framework of Astronautics and stable society development are rather
pressing problems. Their solution promotes and stimulates new trends in
engineering and technological development in the sector, establishment of space
legislation, efficient international cooperation, social and economic
development of the country. The following problems were discussed: Astronautics
and social and economic development and environmental safety, space and
information technologies as a factor of social and economic development,
international law and space activities, prospects of development for
engineering and technological support of space exploration, Moon exploration,
prevention of natural disasters. The work of dozens of thousands of scientists,
engineers, designers and technologists laid the foundation for achievements of
domestic Astronautics and rocket engineering. They were educated by domestic
higher schools and engineering universities. Nowadays the logic of SRE
development, tough competition in the market of space services, requirements
for national safety, expansion of international safety at realization of space
projects demand improvement of scientific and technical level and competitive
ability of the developments. This requires: -
improvement
of efficiency of professional training in conditions of current market economy; -
formation
of promising concepts of professional education for the space and rocket
complex; -
implementation
of advance educational technologies; Many authors noted the problems in staff training associated with reforms
in educational system. Reforms are the most urgent problems so far. In opinion
of the speakers, some decisions in the framework of reforms education
modernization were made to please the international integration and WTO, harmed
much the higher education and led to lowered level of specialists'
qualification. One can trace the dependence of condition of universities on
condition of basic industries. Standardization in education leads to
destruction of the system of Russian engineering education, corruption of
technologies for training of professionally mobile specialists. Quality of our
engineers' and scientific employees' qualification was never and nowhere
doubted and criticized. Our specialists who work abroad were never doubted
either (by the way, according to different estimations 1-2 millions of our
graduates work abroad and sometimes for our direct rivals). Our specialists
have successfully fit the international scientific, engineering and educational
space without any conventions. It was noted that Bolognese Convention
recommends the European countries to keep the features of their national
educational systems. Many speakers
expressed their extreme alarm that Russian educational reform is not just
bureaucratized but actually leads to destruction of the concepts of domestic
school for engineering education. Transition to two-level education will
significantly degrade the quality of engineering education. A bachelor after
four years of study will significantly yield to an engineer even in formal indicators.
This is stressed by all the employers and an absolute majority of university
professors. Much attention
in scientific directions of space biology and medicine was drawn to the medical
and biological support of manned space missions. The main topic of the papers
was the project of MARS- SRE history is rather pressing issue for the
up-to-date Astronautics, as it is an objective source of description and
analysis of the role of events and achievements from the past of domestic Astronautics.
Besides the reports constituting the basis of the section "History of space and
rocket engineering" the similar papers were submitted almost at all the
sections. The Conference in the framework of
corresponding section paid attention to discussion of the research of
scientific and creative work of the pioneers in space exploration. The topic of
the first meeting was the 90th Anniversary of S.S.Kryukov, the
leading participant of development of the first carrier rockets for space
systems. The meeting started with new documentary "Tsar-Rocket" by B.Smirnov
which covered the development of R-7 rocket and S.S.Kryukov's contribution. His
wife R.A.Kryukova shared her memories, so did a space pilot V.V.Aksyonov,
S.S.Kryukov's colleagues V.D.Vachnadze and Ye.L.Gorbenko. A.M.Peslyak's paper
was devoted to the memoirs prepared for the Anniversary and to the book of
S.S.Kryukov's selected works. Three comprehensive reports were made at the
second meeting. The first and the most interesting one was delivered by
N.S.Koroleva and covered the travel to the places were S.P.Korolev worked in The section "Astronautics and culture"
presented a large set of reports devoted to the 75th Anniversary of
Yu.A.Gagarin, valuable from scientific and practical point of view for
researches of the insufficiently studied problem of "Astronautics and culture",
recognition of its role in the history of domestic Astronautics, life and
activities of distinguishing representatives of Astronautics. One of the
meetings was devoted to the space museums. Two "Round tables" were conducted in the
framework of the section: "Space programs in different countries"; chairman -
Doctor of Tech. sciences, Professor, space pilot V.A.Solovyev; discussion was
conducted with participation of Roskosmos, NASA, ESA, NSAU, etc. Round table on "Global warming. Climatic
cataclysms. Culture of the humanity"; chairman - Academician of RAS
Yu.A.Izrael; discussion was held with participation of Monitoring and
Forecasting Center "Antistikhiya" (Emergency Ministry), managing officials of
RosGidromet, World meteorological organization (WMO), Geography Institute of
RAS, Institute on atmosphere physics of RAS, Oceanology Institute of RAS, and
Philosophy Institute of RAS. The main event of the XXXIIIrd Conference
on Astronautics was a Round table on "50 years of Moon exploration: the past,
present and future", chairmen - Academician of RAS E.M.Galimov, Director of
V.I.Vernadskiy Institute on geochemistry and analytical chemistry and President
of Moscow space club S.A.Zhukov. Discussion was held with active participation
of Russian Academy of Sciences, K.E.Tsiolkovskiy Russian Academy of Astronautics,
M.V.Keldysh Research Center, S.P.Korolev RSC "Energiya", S.A.Lavochkin SPA,
"TsNIIMash", representatives of aerospace industry, N.E.Bauman MSTU and
technical universities, Moscow space club, and the veterans of space and rocket
industry. The participants of the Round table passed some important
recommendations. Round table 50 years of Moon
exploration: glance into the past, present and future At the XXXIIIrd academic Conference
on Astronautics (Korolev Conference) in N.E.Bauman MSTU a Round table on "50
years of Moon exploration" was conducted which gathered an unprecedented
scientific and engineering, creative and student audience. Understanding of the
crucial point in Russian Astronautics was apparent. After the presentations, discussions and
analysis of messages that were submitted to the presidium, the Round table notes: 1. Our country has contributed much into the Moon
exploration. "Luna- 2. Today the leading space
powers - 3. The Moon possessing specific unique natural
environment can be considered as a base for solution of national and all-human
goals. Russian national goals are the following: -
basic
scientific research; -
adoption
of space solar energetic; -
exploration
of natural resources allowing to solve the problems of development and support
of the objects of near-earth and interplanetary infrastructure; -
solution of military and strategic problems. The all-human problems include: -
reduction
of risks of an ecological catastrophe on the Earth using extraterrestrial power
and materials; employment of the Moon as a testing ground where the humanity
will learn how to live outside the Earth with subsequent settling in the Solar
system; -
development
and deployment on the Moon surface of efficient protective means defending from
asteroids and comets; -
development of material and technical basis for further
exploration of the Solar system. 4. Today Analysis of current state of Russian Astronautics
and the structure of programs being run means its renunciation of its role of a
locomotive of scientific and technological, economic and moral renovation of
the country, a component of state social and political idea. The time calls for Russian active and
persistent behavior in the Moon exploration in the 21st century.
Economic and political situation in The comprehensive papers and debates formed the
elements for renewal of near-earth and near-moon transport structure, for
development of a multi-purpose orbital space port, power and information
center, prototype of a manned lunar base in a single organizational pattern
allowing for the material resources and time limits dictated by the world competition. The Program of Moon research mobile base
submitted by MAI and N.E.Bauman MSTU is absolutely different from the programs
of Russian and American associations in the following: cost minimization, short
implementation period, new ballistic construction on the basis of launches of a
limited number of existing carrier rockets. At the same time it sets the
problems of qualitative technological renewal of space and Earth industry
(hydrogen fuel, solar power engineering, laser and plasma engineering). Concepts
are elaborated for reusable and multipurpose space tug vehicles that redouble
the geostationary payload and support the Moon program. A new step is taken in
Russian Astronautics together with solution of personnel, social and political
problems. 5. Russian science and industry should be oriented
towards long-term tasks, such as thermonuclear and solar power, workout of
interplanetary transport space system. Solution of the abovementioned and other
large-scale problems will at first require the funds of The general feeling of participants, their
enthusiasm that was raised by historical papers and future projects show their
sincere interest towards examination and exploration of space, including the
Moon which is the Earth natural satellite and the most likely destination of
the manned mission. The participants of Round table recommend: To Russian Government 1. To consider the exploration of Moon
and Mars at passing of any strategic documents defining the further development
of Russian space activities. 2. To entrust Roscosmos the
consideration of extensive works of Moon exploration in the framework of
Federal space Program. 3. Allowing for possible cooperation
with the world leading space powers in further space exploration, to revert to
participation of 4. To celebrate 50 years of Moon
exploration in the 5. To promote establishment of "moon"
workgroup oriented towards youth scientific and engineering creative work. To Professional Society Approve of establishment of a public workgroup
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