CONTENTS
NEW MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN PEDIATRIC NEUROONCOLOGYThe experience of treatment of children with tumors of central nervous system in the Children Republic Clinical Hospital of Ministry of Health Tatarstan Republic for 1995-2000 is presented. The analysis of results of the diagnosis and treatment of 130 patients is carried out. The growth of disease incidence for the period under observation is revealed. It is concluded that the use of current technologies makes it possible to achieve optimal treatment results in such patients. USE OF MINIMUM INVASIVE SURGERY IN TREATMENT OF HEART VALVE DISEASESThe peculiarities of minimum invasive accesses for surgical treatment of heart valve diseases in adults are studied on 30 biomodels, and in 40 patients during operation. Topographoanatomic peculiarities of heart location relative to the anterior chest wall are studied in 50 patients using spiral computer tomography. Minimum invasive surgical interventions are performed in 17 patients with congenital valve disease and in 77 with acquired valvular diseases. It is found that location of heart and large vessels varies significantly relative to the anterior chest wall. Minimum invasive accesses make it possible to perform adequate operati®ns on heart valves depending on individual topographo-anatomic peculiarities of patients. Minimum invasive surgery is less traumatic in comparison with standard, decreases the duration of rehabilatation period and is accompanied by good cosmetic effect. EFFECT OF POLYPROPYLENE ENDOPROTHESIS ON HEALING OF POSTOPERATIVE SOFT TISSUE WOUNDSThe ultrasound study of postoperative wounds of the anterior abdominal wall was carried out in patients with hernioplasty and histostructure of back muscles aponeurosis was studied in rats for accessment of interaction of implanted net-shaped polypropylene endoprothesis with surrounding tissue. The number of coloured echosygnals of vessels on the area unit in the region of postoperative injuries in the presence of using implants pretreated by zinc hialuronate (kuriozin) is increased. The results of hystologic examination and morphometric analysis confirmed the inhancement of angiogenesis in the aponeurosis injury region and showed the increase of proliferative activity of fibroblasts with formation of connective fibrous structures. PROLONGED ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY AND PREVENTION OF THROMBOSIS IN POLYTRAUMAThe treatment results of thromboplastin coagulopathy in 208 persons with polytraumas are analyzed. The direct correlation between severity of mechanical injuries of organs and tissue, pronounced thromboplastinemia and incidence rate of thromboplastin coagulopathy is revealed. It is shown that risk of development of thrombotic complications is retained within 8-12 weeks after trauma. It is shown that thromboplastin coagulopathy is the main sign of traumatic and hypovolemic shock and is accompanied by thrombosis of microcirculatory channel. HEALTH INDICES OF CHILDREN WITH VARIOUS GESTATIONAL AGE IN BIRTHThe combined clinical and instrumental study of health indices of 904 infants of various gestational age including 216 indices and signs, is carried out by cohort method and prospective observation method during the first year of life. Low gestational age and perinatal risk factors determining structural changes of internal organs and systems, in particular, brain substance and kindneys tissue, immunodeficient states and generalized morphological and functional immaturity, are direct indications to the early obligatory instrumental examination of an infant. PROCESSES OF PEROXIDATION AND MICROVESICULATION IN VARIOUS VARIANTS OF ACUTE PNEUMONIA IN CHILDREN OF SCHOOL AGEThe combined study of processes of peroxidation and microvesiculation depending on the acute pneumonia variant is carried out in 79 children of school age. The significant activation of lipid peroxidation and microvesiculation in the presence of essential decrease of antioxidative protection in case of the focal acute pneumonia is established. At the same time the tendency to the torpid course of inflammatory pulmonary injury is registered. The data obtained show the necessity of including membrane stabilizers in treatment and mainly, especially for the children with the focal acute pneumonia. EFFICIENCY OF INTRAOSTEAL THERAPY IN THE COMBINED TREATMENT OF CHRONIC OSTEOMYELITISAs many as 278 patients with chronic osteomyelitis of various localization of the necrotic focus were followed. Homeostasis disorders in chronic osteomyelitis were estimated by microbiologic, immunologic, antioxidant and genoprotective indices. The intraosteal combined therapy methods (antibiotics and laser irradiation of the focus) are proposed, which made it possible to perform correction of homeostasis disorders by effecting the osteomyelitic process and to decrease the relapses rate from 37,8 to 5,6%. INTRAVASCULAR LASER IRRADIATION OF BLOOD IN COMBINED TREATMENT OF CHILDREN OF EARLY AGE WITH SEVERE PNEUMONIAThe efficiency of intravascular laser irradiation of blood in children of early age with acute pneumonia is studied. Dynamics of some indices of the immune status, the index of intensity of free-radical oxidation and antioxidant defence, the level of middle sized molecules served as control of the efficiency of conducted therapy. The high efficiency of using laser irradiation of blood in children of given contingent is shown. PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGIC ESTIMATION OF MEDICATIONS USED IN BRONCHIAL ASTHMA TREATMENT IN CHILDRENThe results of pharmacoepidemiologic analysis of ambulatory charts of 200 children aged 2 to 16 with the established diagnosis of bronchial asthma are presented. The analysis showed insufficient level of examining children, in particular, performance of pulmonary function test, often use of euphylline to arrest attacks, prescription of ineffective drugs (ephedrine, theophedrine, solutan), late prescription of inhaled steroids, absence of basic therapy. OŽN THE CLINIC AND PREVENTION OF TUBERCULOSIS IN KIDS AND TEENAGERSThe development and clinical course of tuberculosis are studied in 59 children and teenagers. Low social status, insufficient postvaccinal immunity, contact with patients as well as various accompaning diseases are provoking factors. In 79,7% of cases the disease was asymptomatic, demanding the special attention of physicians. Significant clinical improvement was achieved in 94,1% of patients, improvement - in 5,9% of patients. ROENTGENODENSITOMETRY OF OSTEAL TISSUE IN CHILDREN WITH VARIOUS FORMS OF RACHITISRoentgenologic signs of osteal tissue injuries and type of changes in bone structures, specific for each form of rachitis are studied. Roentgenodensitometry of roentgenograms of children with various forms of rachitis was studied. IDIOPATHIC DILATATION OF THE PULMONARY ARTERY IN CHILDREN - A MARKER OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE DYSPLASIA OF HEART OF THE II CLASSThe study of 18 children with idiopathic dilatation of the pulmonary artery aged 6 to 16 forming 2,9% of the general number of children with dilatation of the pulmonary artery trunk of various etiology (601 patients) during 10 years is performed. These children need dynamic echocardiographic control of the pulmonary artery trunk diameter. Sports are contra-indicated to children with progressive dilatation of the pulmonary artery. Treatment of pulmonary hypertension is necessary and drugs strengthening the connective matrix are prescribed. PROGRAM OF PSYCHOSOCIAL REHABILITATION OF PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH INFANTILE CEREBRAL PARALYSISPsychic health and life quality of parents of children with infantile cerebral paralysis were studied. The results show low life quality as well as incidence and manifestation of psychic disorders among examined persons. The program of psychosocial rehabilitation is tested: 1) educational work with parents (teaching groups); 2) consultative work (individual consultations of parents); 3) psychothe-rapeutic groups. FETOPLACENTAL BLOOD FLOW IN PREGNANTS WITH SCOLIOSISThe fetoplacental blood flow in 75 pregnants with scoliosis in III gestation term is analyzed by dopplerometry. The similar examination results in 27 pregnants without scoliosis symptoms are used for comparison. The presence of scoliotic deformation of the vertebral column of II, III degree of severity in pregnants is a factor of high risk of uteroplacental blood flow disorder. The decrease of its rate is largely observed in the uterine artery located on the concave side of scoliotic arch of the lumbar part of vertebral column. Fetoplacental blood flow in pregnants with scoliosis is usually not deficient. HEALTH STATE OF SEVERELY PREMATURE INFANTS UP TO ONE YEAR-OLD157 severely premature infants with body mass up to 1500 g were observed at the second stage of nursing as well as 18 infants from polyclinic centre. It is established that in more mature premature infants at the second stage of nursing the perinatal affection of central nervous system and intrauterine infections are often diagnosed. Less mature infants along with the mentioned diseases suffer from respiratory disorders syndrome and intrauterine development arrest. According to catamnesis data these children should be referred to the high risk group of the development of somatic and psychic pathology. SOCIAL AND HYGIENIC CHARACTERISTIC OF FAMILIES WITH CHILDREN WITH SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASESThe conditions and life style of 150 children and teenagers with sexually transmitted diseases are studied. The medicodemographic characteristics of families is presented, the peculiarities of social status of parents, financial security and living conditions are revealed. The families of social risk group with children with sexually transmitted diseases are determined. PROBLEMS OF ORGANIZATION OF THE ORTHODONTIC AID TO CHILDRENThe screening of incidence of maxillodental anomalies in children in Kazan is performed. It is revealed that in 54% of children and teenagers there is pathology to be treated. Profound study of the efficiency of dispensarization method comparing with that in taking medical advice showed that the basic form of organization of the orthodontic aid to children is dynamic observation and rehabilitation by dispensa-rization method. As a result the number of persons without disorders of maxillodental system increases by 7,3 times, the number of children with anomalies decreases by 6,5 times. MORBIDITY OF INFANT POPULATION OF KAZAN WITH ACUTE RESPIRATORY VIRAL INFECTIONSMorbidity of infant population with acute respiratory viral infections aged 0-6 and 0-14 in seven districts in Kazan for 1996-2000 is studied. Morbidity in compared districts ranges from 0,33+0,10 to 1,08+0,18 per 1000 infants. The highest morbidity is in Novosavinovsky district (0,91+0,08), the lowest morbidity - in Privolzhsky district (0,45+0,04). The progressive decrease of morbidity was observed starting from 1997 in all districts. The most significant decrease was in Aviastroitelny, Sovetsky, Novosavinovsky districts. Similar tendency is observed on indices of morbidity with influenza. © 1995-2008 Kazan State University |