CONTENTS
PERIOPERATIVE ANTIBIOTICOPROPHYLAXIS IN SURGERYCurrent veiws on the use of antibiotics in surgery for prevention of pyoseptic complications are generalized. At present perioperative antibioticoprophylaxis is the most effective. Cephalosporines are the basic and the most effective group of antibiotics used for prevention of purulent infection in surgical practice. Single use of antibiotics in "clean" operative interventions, in "conventionally clean" operations during 2-3 days, and in contaminated and "dirty" operations up to elimination of the threat of pyo-septic complications is the most effective. REGIONAL PECULIARITIES OF ALLERGIC DISEASES IN CHILDRENRegional peculiarities of atopic diseases in children are established. Clinically important sensibilization by allergens of house dust tick (D. pteronyssinus, D. farina¥) in rural regions is nearly twice as large as that in children from industrial regions; allergens of cereals and weeds are of great importance in the same region, whereas tree pollen is of great importance in industrial regions. High incidence of specific IgE to spores of mould fungi in children with atopic diseases from industrial regions in comparison with patients from rural region calls for further investigation. ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC CHANGES IN CHILDREN WITH VARIOUS FORMS OF EPILEPSYAge dependent pathologic forms of activity on electroencephalogram are revealed in 204 children aged from one month to 18 years with various forms of epilepsy. The most severe changes of bioelectric activity of brain were noted in patients of early age. Paroxismal activity on electroencephalogram was largely presented by acute slow and polymorphous complexes with distinctive multiple pathologic foci synchronous in both hemispheres. EFFICIENCY OF METABOLIC THERAPY WITH TRIMETAZIDINE IN COMBINATION WITH PROMAGSAN IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE OF ISCHEMIC ETIOLOGYEfficiency of metabolic therapy (trimetazidine in combination with magnesium lactate) in 48 patients with ischemic heart disease nd chronic heart failure is studied. €t the beginning and in 3 months all patients were subjected to echocardiography, test with 6 - minute walking. Electrolytes in blood serum were studied, the clinical state was estimated and the reliable positive effect of metabolic therapy on the course and basic characteristics of chronic heart failure in patients with ischemic heart disease is established. BIOLOGIC AGING RATE OF PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUSBiologic aging rate of patients with diabetes mellitus of I and II types are studied. Comparisin of biologic aging rate in male and female with both types of the disease showed that metabolic disorders in diabetes mellitus accelerate biologic aging rate in different ways depending on sexual belonging of patients. Higher aging rate is noted in male with diabetes mellitus of II type and in female with diabetes mellitus of I type. USE OF PRECISIONAL SUTURES FOR PREVENTION OF POSTGASTRORESECTIONAL COMPLICATIONSIncidence of postoperative complications in postoperative period is determined by the state of motor and evacuator activity of gastroenteric tract and depends directly on technical methods of operative intervention. In this case constructional features of formation of anastomoses and tissue regeneration processes play important part. In using modified seromuscular submucous sutures without involvement of mucous membrane, preserving microcirculatory bed in anastomosis zone, primary regeneration of gastroenteric anastomoses is achieved and thus prerequisites for reconstruction of functional activity of organs and reduction of possibility of developing postgastroresectional complications are created. INTRAPERITONEAL TRANSLOCATION OF BACTERIA AND ANTIBIOTICOTHERAPY IN ACUTE ADHESIVE ILEUSPeculiarities of intraperitoneal translocation of bacteria in acute adhesive ileus are studied and antibioticotherapy principles are worked out. 65 microbiological studies of peritoneal exudates of patients with acute adhesive ileus on flora and sensitivity to antibiotics are carried out. Influence of the level of bacterial dissemination on the degree of intestine distension and the level of blood supply of intestinal wall is followed. Some rules of intraperitoneal translocation of bacterias in acute adhesive ileus are revealed, regimes of antibioticoprophylaxis and antibioticotherapy are suggested. TRANSFORMATION OF DISTAL FORMS OF NONSPECIFIC ULCERATIVE COLITIS IN EXTENDED ONESInvolvement of spared earlier parts of large intestine into inflammatory process in nonspecific ulcerative colitis is established in 35 (30,2%) out of 116 patients repeatedly treated in the hospital. It is noted that transformation of distal forms of ulcerative colitis in to extended ones more often occurs in the first five years of the disease, it is accompanied by moderately or severe clinical course. The failure of the complex conservative therapy with steroids during 14-16 days is established in one third of patients and surgery was required. Operative interventions were frequently accompanied by development of post-operative complications. The transformation of distal forms of ulcerative colitis into extended ones shows aggravation of the disease and can be considered as the indication to early surgical treatment. SURGICAL TREATMENT OF RESIDUAL DEFECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF HIP JOINT ELEMENTS IN ADULTSThe efficiency of some variants of total endoprosthetics of hip joint in various manifestations of congenital dislocation of femur in adults is estimated. It is established that when the treatment is early, recovery of normal function and vital activity of patients are effective. Nonstandard variants of endoprosthetics of hip joint make it possible to avoid complications and obtain good results. CHOICE OF OPERATIVE TREATMENT METHOD IN PATIENTS WITH PROSTATE ADENOMACase histories of 760 patients with prostate adenoma after various operative treatment methods are analyzed. Results of clinical studies made it possible to consider the suprapubic transvesical adenomectomy with primary blind suture and hemostasis of adenoma bed by removable catgut ligatures superimposed on bladder neck as the choice method. Transurethral endoscopic resection of prostate adenoma and other transurethral operations should be carried out in case of contraindications to open adenomectomy operation. To prevent intra-and postoperative haemorrhage in patients with prostate adenoma in the second stage of the disease it is recommended to prescribe in preoperative period anticoagulative therapy. The previously performed transurethral endoscopic resection just above the spermatic tubercle prevents the stricture of the prostatic part of the urethra after suprapubic transvesical adenomectomy. COMBINED TREATMENT OF SOFT TISSUE SARCOMAThe results of combined treatment of 66 patients with sarcomas of soft tissue are analyzed. The combined treatment makes it possible to perform more organ saving operations among patients with T2b tumors, reduces the number of amputations. Preoperative radiation therapy decreases the rate of local relapses to 3,8%, postoperative radiation decreases the rate of local relapses to 22,5%. MENTAL DIS0RDERS IN ALIMENTARY OBESITY197 women with alimentary obesity were examined. They were classified by obesity, age, duration of disease and by fat distribution. In addition to the clinicopsychopathologic and somatic examination, the experimentally psychologic study was performed in all patients. Questionnaire was given to each patient using quantification card to examine patients with boundary mental disorders. It is established that the leading pathogenetic mechanism in alimentary obesity is response of women to the disease. Mental disorders of boundary character classified by nosology were revealed in 197 women coming to see endocrinologist. CLINICOIMMUNOLOGIC PECULIARITIES OF HIV-INFECTION IN VARIOUS TYPES OF INFECTIONClinicoimmunologic indices of 64 patients in dynamics of the disease are analyzed to study the effect of transmission ways on the course and prognosis of HIV-infection. The course of HIV-infection in parentersl way of infection as opposed to sexual way, is characterized by quicker progress of the dicease, frequent manifestation of severe lesions of respiratory organs, bacterial infections of skin and mucous membranes, virus hepatitis in the presence of chronic narcotic in toxication. Immunologic disorders develop in patients of this group from the beginning of the disease resulting from intravenous use of narcotics. TREATMENT WITH DETRALEX IN PATIENTS WITH HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROMEExamination of 97 convalescents of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome was made including test with water deprivation, determination of clearance of uric acid and uric excretion of b2-microglobulin. The course of treatment with Detralex was given to 32 patients. The study showed that the use of Detralex in convalescents has a reliable positive effect on systemic microhemocirculation, renal ability to concentration and renal transport of uric acid. EFFECT OF COMPLEX OF METEOROLOGIC CONDITIONS ON ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION OF THE CITYEffect of complex characteristics (meteorologic potential of atmospheric pollution, atmospheric self-purification factor and complex index of atmospheric pollution), promoting accumulation or dissipation of pollutants on atmospheric pollution is studied. The analysis of changes of meteorologic parameters during last decade showed that climate peculiarities and complex meteorologic characteristics play important part in ecologic state of air in Kazan. HEALTH OF MEN OF MILITARY AGEHealth of men of military age in Tatarstan Republic from 1996 to 2003 is studied. Marked decrease of basic indices of health in 1999 is revealed. Stable tendency to marked improvement of some indices of health appears from 2000. WAYS OF IMPROVEMENT OF QUALITY OF DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF DENTAL CARIESQuality criteria as records of diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation are developed. After introducing them into practice of dentist, treatment and estimation of their quality have more importance in determining stomatologic status of patient, diagnosing and following choice of therapy method. NONINVASIVE METHOD OF DETERMINATION OF BIOCHEMICAL PHENOTYPE OF ACETYLATIONExpress highly sensitive noninvasive method of pharmaceutical analysis of biochemical phenotype patterned after acetylation are developed. Phenotype diagnosis method is based on comparative characteristics of pharmacokinetic parameters of test drugs of sulfadimidine and isoniazid with urine and saliva of individual paients. The methods developed can be used to correct doses of medications in therapy and to decrease side effects. COMBINED SURFACE REMOVABLE SUTURECombined surface removable suture consisting in parallel use of Allgover suture with its modification and linear continuous subcuticular suture is suggested to connect edges of wound defect. The Allgover modified suture was used in laparotomy, appendectomies, herniotomies and removal of surface benign tumors. Good results without any combinations were obtained in all cases. © 1995-2008 Kazan State University |