CONTENTSEXPERT SYSTEM FOR DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF "ACUTE ABDOMEN" IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGYA neuronal network for differential diagnosis of the "acute abdomen" has been developed. Tested was the possibility of using this model in obstetrics and gynecology for a more accurate diagnosis of disease in 265 women with a clinical presentation of "acute abdomen". It is shown that the educational neuronal network allows identifying significant difference in the development of emergency conditions in surgery and gynecology, followed by the choice of adequate tactics of treatment and prevention of complications. PRENATAL ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE IN FETUS' WITH EXTRACARDIAC ABNORMALITIES AT THE EARLY STAGES OF PREGNANCYAnalyzed were 46 cases of congenital heart disease in fetus' with extracardiac abnormalities and/or echocardiographic markers of chromosomal pathology diagnosed in 11-16 weeks of pregnancy. Indications for sending patients for medical examinations were the echocardiographic markers of chromosomal abnormalities and/or combined congenital defects of the fetus found during screening investigations. Early prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart defects is possible when conducting transvaginal fetal echocardiography on expert-class ultrasonic devices using 3/4D techniques to study the heart. THE COMMON ARTERIAL TRUNK - THE POSSIBILITIES OF EARLY ANTENATAL DIAGNOSTICSAnalyzed were 19 cases of prenatal diagnosis of common arterial trunk in the period of 11-16 weeks of pregnancy, which was conducted in a consultative mode by visualizing a single outlet tract of the ventricles. In most cases, this form of congenital heart defect was combined with echocardiographic markers of chromosomal pathology and extracardiac abnormalities. Early prenatal diagnosis of the congenital heart defects is possible when conducting transvaginal fetal echocardiography on expertclass ultrasonic devices using 3/4D techniques to study the heart. EVALUATION OF THE COURSE OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA DURING THE FIRST YEAR AFTER CHILDBIRTHAnalyzed was the course of bronchial asthma in the postpartum period of 58 patients. Cessation of basic treatment or reducing doses of anti-inflammatory drugs caused an exacerbation of the disease in the postpartum period. Lactation and breast-feeding favorably influenced the course of bronchial asthma after child-birth. THE CHOICE OF OPERATIVE CHILD DELIVERY IN PRETERM LABOR40 babies born by caesarean section with an intact fetal bladder and gestational period of 28-37 weeks were investigated. Comparison was carried out by the method of copies of pairs that are selected according to a retrospective study. The results demonstrated the benefits of caesarean section with the delivery of the fetus in an intact fetal bladder. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE HIGH FREQUENCY AND LASER THERAPY IN TREATMENT OF VENOUS BLOOD CONGESTION IN PELVIC ORGANSThe study was carried out on sexually mature nonlinear male rats. It was shown that extremely high frequency and laser therapy applied during venous stagnation of the pelvic organs improves drainage and detoxication function of the iliac lymph nodes, which helps reduce manifestation of local and general endogenous intoxication of the organism, leveling of the pathological changes in the lymphatic region and in the prostate gland. THE IMMUNE SYSTEM STATE IN CHILDREN WITH INFECTIVE-PROTECTION DISORDER SYNDROME, WHICH ARE INFECTED WITH TUBERCULOSISGiven is the characteristic of the immune system condition in TB-infected children with an anti-infective protection disorder syndrome. During infection with TB mycobacterium, revealed was a more significant influence of increased gamma-interferon values on the interleukin-4 concentra-tion, which indicates the presence of functional tension and dyscoordination of the cellular component of the immune system in the condition of significantly more frequent combined disorders with a deeper cellular and phagocytic insufficiency, than in uninfected persons. DAILY MONITORING OF BLOOD PRESSURE, ATHEROGENIC RISK FACTORS AND STATE OF ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSIONStudied were the atherogenic factors, changes in angiotensin-aldosterone system in conjunction with the results of daily monitoring of blood pressure in children and adolescents with arterial hypertension in order to identify the most important risk factors and their early identification. The average values of high-density lipoproteins in children with essential and instable arterial hypertension had a tendency to decrease, but in children with "white gown" hypertension those figures were significantly below control. Aldosterone and angiotensin levels were higher in all groups compared with control. The effects of compensatory-adaptive mechanisms take action before clinical manifestations; therefore, diagnosis of hypertension is of interest at the preclinical stage. THE PREVALENCE AND ETIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ALLERGIC RHINITIS IN THE PENZA REGIONIt is shown that in the etiological structure among children of the town and village, as well as amongst rural adult population, prevail year-round forms of allergic rhinitis, caused mainly by sensitization to house dust mites. The dominance of seasonal forms of allergic rhinitis is characteristic for the adult population of the cities. CLINICAL, DIAGNOSTIC FEATURES OF THE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME IN AN ENDEMIC REGIONAnalyzed were the peculiarities of the course and diagnosis of the hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Republic of Bashkortostan at the present stage. The main pathognomonic syndromes of the hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome are fever, kidney disorders, thrombocyto-penia. In some of the patients involvement of the respiratory system into the pathological processes is seen, which must be taken into account in the complex of diagnostic and treatment activities. FEATURES OF IMMUNE RESPONSE OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HCV-INFECTIONSpecified was the nature of the changes in the immune status of patients with recurrent course of HCV-infection. The identified changes of the immune status reflect an imbalance of the immune system that accompanies HCV-infection, depend on its phase and require immunological monitoring and appropriate immunological correction. PREDICTORS OF MINOR MYOCARDIAL DAMAGES AFTER TRANSCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH STABLE ANGINACarried out was an assessment of clinical and angiographic characteristics of modified forms of lowdensity lipoproteins - cholesterol containing immune complexes, indicators of inflammation, the level of nitrites, glucose and myocardial fraction of creatine kinase in blood as possible predict-tors of minor damage to the myocardium after transcutaneous coronary interventions. During a logistical regression analysis the predictors of any increase relative to the norm of the myocardial fraction of creatine kinase in connection with transcutaneous coronary interventions were two indices - the presence of carbohydrate metabolism disorder and duration of disease history. ARTERIAL AND MYOCARDIAL RIGIDITY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASEIn patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease identified were the increasing rigidity of the aorta and increasing stiffness of the left ventricular myocardium. Established was the dependence of deterioration of the elasticity of the aorta and left ventricular myocardium on the levels of hypoxemia, hyponitrooxidemia, oxidative stress, and systemic inflammation. VARIANTS OF ATHEROSCLEROTIC LESIONS OF THE SUPERFICIAL FEMORAL ARTERY IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUSUltrasound angio-scanning makes it possible to detect different variants of atherosclerotic lesions of the superficial femoral artery, expressed to a various extent, in most patients with type II diabetes mellitus. The character of the identified changes is different in patients with ischemic and neuro-ischemic disorders of the lower limbs. THE COURSE OF CHRONIC PULMONARY OBSTRUCTIVE DISEASE COMBINED WITH DIABETES MELLITUSIt was shown that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease had a more severe course within the context of diabetes: respiratory failure was more clinically apparent, exacerbations were more frequent, significant changes in microvessels of lung parenchyma were found: dilation of the vessels, focus-like opacities 2-5 mm in size, bead-like shape of the vessels. Multi-slice computerised tomography detected the pathology of microvessels of lung parenchyma as a manifestation of the universal diabetic microangiopathy, which probably plays a crucial role in unfavorable course of the disease. PREDICTING THE OUTCOMES OF STRESSINDUCED GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGESIt was shown that the clinical scales Rockall and Blatchford can be useful implementations for stratifying the risk of surgical complications among patients with acute stress-induced gastrointestinal bleedings. THE INFLUENCE OF DISCRETE PLASMAPHERESIS AND ALCOHOL INTOXICATION ON THE BLOOD HORMONE CONCENTRATION OF PATIENTS WITH DIFFUSE PERITONITISShown was the fact that the indices of neuroendocrine status of patients with diffuse peritonitis against the background of alcohol intoxication can be used as markers of toxicity during affection of internal organs, allowing more efficient and timely use of organ-protection in critical conditions. FUNCTIONAL CONDITION OF THE PLATELETS DURING LOCAL LOW TEMPERATURE DAMAGESDuring evaluation of the functional condition of the platelets in patients with frostbites revealed was the reduction in the intensity, velocity and capacity of platelet aggregation, which makes it possible to propose their functional immaturity in the low temperature trauma. As a result, the course of the traumatic process often becomes protracted with a slow-motion character. THE DIAGNOSTIC EFFECTIVENESS OF TRANSRECTAL ULTRASOUND INVESTIGATIONS IN VILLIFEROUS TUMORS OF THE RECTUMShown was the effectiveness of transrectal ultrasound investigation as a method of specific diagnosis of villiferous tumors of the rectum. The method allows to evaluate the submucosal component of the tumor and to identify signs of malignant transformation. COMBINED ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN TREATMENT OF ACUTE SUPPURATIVE DISEASE OF THE FINGERSDeveloped was a method of objective diagnosis of the stage of course of the pyo-inflammatory process by using an integrated sonography. The results demonstrated the close relationship between the stage of course of the pyoinflammatory process and the measures of changes of blood flow. THE TESTS FOR EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF OSTEOPOROSIS IN AMBULATORY-POLYCLINICAL SETTINGSStudied was the possibility of applying the questionnaire computational tests in a polyclinic setting in order to determine the necessity of sending a patient to densitometry. If normal bone mineral density in patients was revealed according to the tests, there was no longer a need for costly X-ray absorptiometry. NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF REDUCTION OF CENTRAL VISUAL DISTURBANCES BY A METHOD OF IMPULSIVE MODULATORY ELECTRIC ACTIONSObtained was neurophysiological data on the nature of spontaneous compensation of brain activity during unilateral visual deafferentation. Using cross-correlative analysis revealed was the formation of new interstructural and interhemispheric connections, which showed the improvement of intercentral interactions and helped to restore the integrative brain activity. COLOR CHOICE IN EVALUATION OF PAIN IN PATIENTS WITH VERTEBROGENIC MYOFASCIAL PAIN SYNDROME OF THE MAXILLOFACIAL REGIONEvaluation of pain intensity using a color choice was carried out in patients with vertebrogenic myofascial pain syndrome of the maxillofacial region. Revealed was a significant correlation between the intensity of pain and preference/rejection of a color. ERADICATION OF BLASTOCYSTIS HOMINIS IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC DERMATOSISStudied was the influence of protozoa B. hominis, parasitizing in the colon, on the skin process. Carried out was an assessment of influence of blastocyst invasion on the intensity and severity of chronic skin diseases. Proposed was a method of complex therapy of dermatoses with an inclusion into the therapeutic scheme of drugs with antiprotozoan action. TENDENCIES AND PATTERNS OF MORTALITY FORMATION AT A REGIONAL LEVELStudied were the territorial peculiarities of mortality of the population, its dynamics in order to identify the basic patterns of development. Established was the fact that the mortality indices significantly differ in certain geographical groups and have an expressed tendency related to socio-economic transformations in society. THE HEALTH CONDITION OF OIL INDUSTRY WORKERS IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTANStudied was the condition of health of the workers of Public Corporation "Tatneft", having contact with harmful and/or dangerous substances and production factors. Given are the results of personal investigation of health condition of the workers. Out of all the investigated workers 44% were identified as healthy, while 56% were diagnosed with pathology of internal organs. Single cases of occupational diseases (vibration disease, neurosensory hearing loss, obstructive bronchitis) were established. Employees with chronic pathologies and production risk factors were assigned for ambulatory check-up of the therapist employed at the manufactory. THE METHOD OF INTEGRAL RHEOGRAPHY IN THE EVALUATION OF PERIOPERATIVE RISK OF DEVELOPING HEMODYNAMIC COMPLICATIONSEvaluated was the possibility of integrated rheography method to predict the reaction of blood circulation on the induction of general anesthesia. Before the induction of anesthesia patients intravenously received a selective short-acting beta-adrenoreceptor blocking agent esmolol. A common, unified response of the cardiovascular system was seen in all groups of patients after the esmolol test and during initial narcosis. The results of the investigations provide an opportunity to assess individual circulatory response to the operation and anesthesia. ILEOCOLIC INTUSSUSCEPTION END-TO-SIDE ANASTOMOSIS, FORMED BY A COMPRESSIVE SUTUREApplied was a new technology of placing a compressive suture using a titanium nickelide device with a "memory" effect of the form with super elasticity. Evaluation of remote results showed good functional properties of the compressive anastomosis proven by endoscopic, roentgenological and video control and by the method of questioning. POSSIBILITIES OF TRANSABDOMINAL DIAGNOSIS OF COLON POLYPUSStudied were the diagnostic possibilities of transabdominal ultrasound investigation in detecting polypus of different parts of the colon and rectum. The method is non-invasive, quick and easy to perform. PRIMARY ENDOPROSTHETIC HIP REPLACEMENT DURING DEFECTS OF THE COTYLOID CAVITYPrimary endoprosthetic hip replacement and fixation of cotyloid components offer much difficulty in case of significant defects of the cotyloid cavity. Preoperational calculation of the size of bone grafting and possibilities of cement-free implantation of cotyloid component had to be done. For patient rehabilitation, it is important to know exactly about alteration of the zone of osteoplasty and maximum load capability of the joint. ENDODONTO-ENDOSAL IMPLANTATION OF NANOCOMPOSED IMPLANTS WITH A MEMORY OF FORM IN TREATMENT OF DESTRUCTIVE PERIODONTITISWith the aim of restoration of biomechanical and physiological parameters of the remaining parodentium tissue, the carried out were 179 endodonto-endosal implantations with the use of medical nano-materials of the new generation. Restoration of all biomechanical parameters of parodentium tissue happened in cases where the root of the tooth was enlarged by using an implant imposed through a tooth into the bone tissue. The method of nano-structuring improves the physical and mechanical properties of TiNi and of calcium hydroxyapatite gel, their biofunctional properties, optimize the integration of implants with the parodentium tissue. THE WAY TO IMPROVE THE MICROBIOLOGICAL MONITORING IN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE OF NOSOCOMIAL SEPTIC INFECTIONSDefined are the directions of microbiological monitoring in epidemiological surveillance of nosocomial septic infections. Epidemiological value of the study of some biological characteristics of aetiological agents of such infections was established. ANALYSIS OF THE FATAL OUTCOMES OF COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA IN HOSPITALS OF WORKING-AGE PERSONSAnalyzed were the fatal outcomes from communityacquired pneumonia of severe and extremely severe clinical course in hospitals of Kazan in 2007 with the assessment of the quality of medical care and possible factors that might have influenced the development of such an outcome. © 1995-2008 Kazan State University |