Abstracts
Kazan Medical Journal
2000 N6.
CONTENTS
DYNAMICS OF THE ST SEGMENT IN INFERIOR AND SPREAD POSTERIOR MYOCARDIAL INFACTION BY ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY DATAThe use of multiple leades significantly increases the possibilities of the electrocardiotopographic method in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction and makes it possible to determine more exactly localization and lesion size. The electrical heart field was studied by the R.Z. Amirov electrocardiotopography method using registration of 104 monopolar leads along the chest surface in patients with inferior and spread posterior myocardial infarction. Correlation of the dynamics of the ST segment with the dynamics of indices of the electrocardiotopogram QRS complex is revealed. A series of new diagnostic criteria of estimating the lesion zone making it possible to predict favourable and unfavourable organization of the necrosis zone is suggested. STATE OF HUMORAL IMMUNITY IN DUST LUNG DISEASESThe estimation of diagnostic value of humoral immunity indices in dust lung diseases is given and the tests for determining the individual sensitivity of persons to the effect of industrial aerosols of various fibrogenity degree are chosen. It is established that disorders of humoral immunity and inspecific resistance of the organism in dust lung pathology depend on the disease type and are determining for developing infectious complications. It is recommended to determine the factors of humoral immunity and inspecific resistance in workers being in contact with high concentrations of industrial aerosols and in patients with dust lung diseases for the exact estimation of risk of developing infectious complications. VIDEOTHORACOSCOPIC PARASTERNAL LYMPHADENECTOMIA METHOD IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF THE BREAST CANCERThe videothoracoscopic parasternal lymphade-nectomia method is developed. The adequacy of the removed tissue volume in the videothoracoscopic parasternal lymphadenectomia method is proved during the previously performed experiment on the corpses. Up to 1998 the authors performed 120 videotho-racoscopic paracternal lymphadenectomias in patients aged 27 to 73. The manifestation of the pain syndrome, the amount of injected narcotic analgetics, the hospitalization terms of patients, the number of intra- and postoperative complications, the results of cardiointervalography and pneumotachometry after the videothoracoscopic parasternal lymphadenectomia proved to be better than after similar interventions performed by the traditional (open) method preserving the removed tissue volume. The videothoracoscopic parasternal lymphadenectomia is a highly effective minimally thraumatic method in the diagnosis and treatment of the parasternal collector damaged by metastases which in the surgical treatment of the breast cancer of the central and medial localizations can be recommended as a choice method. PECULIARITIES OF PRESURGERY PREPARATION OF PATIENTS WITH LOCALLY SPREAD LUNG CANCER IN THE PRESENCE OF ACCOMPANYING BRONCHOPULMONARY PATHOLOGYThe standard rational presurgery preparation scheme was worked out and successfully used in 43 patients. The application of this technique makes it possible to decrease the number of postsurgery complications and consequently the perioperative mortality. The suggested presurgery preparation scheme under the conditions of the Central Republic Hospital makes it possible to decrease the time spent by a patient in the specialized department of the hospital before operation without diminishing the positive results of the treatment. ENDOTOXINEMIA AND ITS ROLE IN IMMUNE DISORDERS IN BRONCHIAL ASTHMA IN CHILDRENThe importance of endotoxinemia and its role in immune disorders in bronchial asthma in children are studied. The pronounced correlation of the plasma endotoxin level with the attack rate, the increasse of the attack duration and remission prolongation is revealed. The immunologic indices change differently. The data obtained confirm the pathogenetic importance of endotoxinemia in bronchial asthma in children requiring new approaches to the therapy taking into account the revealed disorders. INDICES OF BONE METABOLISM AND MINERAL DENSITY OF BONE TISSUE OF FOUNDRY WORKERSThe mineral density of bone tissue and phosphorus and calcium metabolism are studied by ultrasound densitometry of the calcaneus using the apparatus "Achilles+" (Lunar, USA) in 99 men working in foundry of the metallurgical alluminium works. The control group consisted of 87 healthy men of similar age. The prolonged effect of aerosols of aluminium, lead, nickel, chromium, manganese, copper is accompanied by more frequent decrease the mineral density of bone tissue, increase of incidence of osteoporosis. Workers of aluminium production are characterised by hyperphosphatemia and hyperphosphaturia resulting in insignificant decrease of parathyroid hormone secretion. The normal level of osteocalcin, alcaline phosphatase in the decreased mineral density of bone tissue shows oppression of the bone-formation process in workers. COMPLEX RADIATION DIAGNOSIS OF NEPHROPOSIS IN ADULTSThe informativity of the ultrasonic examination, intravenous excretory urography, radioisotopic renography in the diagnosis of nephroptosis is studied. It is shown that the combined use of radiation methods makes it possible to establish the nephroptosis degree, to reveal the disorders of uro- and hemodynamics and to determine the choice of treatment tactics. PREDICTION AND PREVENTION OF HESTOSIS COMPLICATIONS OF PREGNANTSAs many as 238 women are examined during pregnancy using the "blind" screening method. The blood circulation indices in vascular regions of the brain, chest, abdominal cavity and lower extremities are studied in active orthostasis and in position on the side. The peculiarities of adaptation of the cardiovascular system in active orthostasis in pregnants with the incomplicated course of hestation and deviation from it in pregnants with developed hestosis are revealed in the first half of pregnancy. The clinical picture of hestosis complications depended on the manifestation of regional blood circulation disorders. The suggeste treatment made it possible to decrease the rate of hestosis complications by 38,7%. ULTRASONIC DIAGNOSIS METHOD OF HYPERMOBILITY OF THE CERVICAL PART OF VERTEBRAL COLUMN AND MYOFASCIAL PAIN SYNDROMEThe functional echospondylography method which makes it possible without the use of the c-ray method to diagnose in patients the hypermobility in the cervical part of vertebral column is suggested. The examination can be repeated in process treatment and after it. The ultrasonic histographic study of the myofascial trigger points makes it possible using the numerical indices to estimate the degree of their activity in comparison with the histogram data of the unchanged muscle part and to estimate the treatment results by the histogram change. EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDY OF CEPHALGIA IN STUDENTSPrevalence and causes of cephalgia among students depending on gender, course of studies, institute profile, life conditions are studied. The scheme of the pathogenetic cephalgia type by the semiologic characteristic is used. The close correlation between the noted factors and the cephalgia character is shown. IMPROVING TEACHING AND LEARNING IN CLINICAL MEDICINE: A description of the Stanford Faculty Development ProgramThe Stanford Faculty Development Program has successfully trained physicians for their tasks as clinical teachers in medical education. This program, based on seven educational categories, organizes the teaching process into a structure which then focuses attention on specific behaviors teachers can utilize to adapt their teaching for a wide variety of learners in many different settings. Experimental studies support this program's effectiveness and suggest that if we are more thoughtful about how we teach and how we prepare others to teach, we will be more assured of enhancing medical education for all of our learners. MEDICAL PROVISION OF PATIENTS OF THE SURGICAL PROFILE IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS IN CITIESThe organization of medical provision of patients of the surgical profile situations in cities is improved by integration of the territorial ambulatory and polyclinic service and republic service of disaster medicine. The measures performed the special emergency surgery to patients in Tatarstan Republic. TO THE PROBLEM OF ORGANIZATION OF THE DERMATOLOGICAL SERVICE TO RURAL POPULATION IN TATARSTAN REPUBLICThe organization structure of dermatological service to rural population in Tatarstan Republic is given. The registered morbidity rate in rural areas is 2.1 trimes lower than among people living in towns. One of the reasons is unavailability of specialized dermatological aid. The part of diseases remains unregistered, but this does not reflect the level of disease incidence. The introduction of early preclinical diagnosis methods of the industrial skin diseases at the premedical level that will make it possible to decrease dermatosis incidence in rural areas, is suggested. CONTINUITY IN THE WORK OF THE TREATMENT AND PROPHYLACTIC INSTITUTIONS AND REHABILITATION CENTERS OF DISABLED CHILDRENThe growth of the number of disabled children in Kazan is noted. The nervous and psychic diseases prevail. It is emphasized that continuity in the work of the treatment and prophylactic institutions and rehabilitation center improves the efficiency indices of recovery of disabled children. The experience of the work of the 10th children polyclinic in Kazan and the City Social and Rehabilitation Center of Disabled children is shown. The position of a specialist in social work should be introduced into the staff of the treatment and prophylactic institutions for rendering social aid to families having disabled children. © 1995-2008 Kazan State University |