CONTENTS
MODERN ROENTGENORADIONUCLEID FUNCTIONAL STUDIES OF NOSE AND ACCESSORY NASAL SINUSESStudies of the functional state of nose and accessory nasal sinuses are described. Contrast roentgenography, catheterizational roentgenocontrast serial polysinusography and especially radionucleid dynamic scintigraphy of accessory nasal sinuses are most informative. In particular, radionucleid method of measuring mucociliary transport can be used as screening test to reveal initial ciliary dyskinesia in patients. ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AND STROKESAmong 162 patients aged 30 to 65 with arterial hypertension the regular self-control of arterial hypertension is carried out only by 9,2% patients prior the stroke. Near a quater of patients with arterial hypertension up to stroke does not take antihyper-tensive agents independent on the level of arterial pressure. Development of stroke results in the increase of the rate of regular self-control of arterial pressure up to 45,7% of cases and regular taking of antihypertensive agents - only up to 45,1% of cases. EFFECT OF PSYCHOEMOTIONAL STRESS ON THE REGULATION OF INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE AND THE FORMATION OF OPHTHALMOHYPERTENSIONPsychoemotional stress promotes the development of primary open angle glaucoma. The clinical investigations showed that glaucomatous ophthalmo-hypertension in emotional stress is caused by the increase of intraocular fluid production. The data were obtained in experiment on rabbits in simulating chronic neurogenic stress. Taking into account the systemic nature of functional changes in chronic stress including changes of metabolism of connective tissue biopolymers, it can be considered that chronic emotional stress is a starter in the formation of hypersecretion ophthalmohypertension with following difficulty of chamber liquid outflow. USE OF PHOSPHABENZIDE FOR CORRECTION OF ASTHENIC STATES .Comparative study of phosphobenzide in various doses as well as phenazepam, pyracetam and placebo indicated higher efficiency of using phosphabenzide and reliable variations from placebo-therapy results in correction of asthenic states. The estimation of differentiated effect of drugs on various components of asthenic symptomocomplex revealed polyvalent nature of therapeutic action of phosphabenzide and its advantage over comparison drugs as a result of reduction of all chosen symptom groups, with the exception of hysterohypochondrical ones. The drug has an original spectrum of psychotropic activity including the clinical effects both of tranquilizers and nootropes. ANTICIPATIONAL PECULIARITIES OF PSYCHIC ACTIVITY OF PATIENTS WITH IDIOPATIC PARKINSONISMThe peculiarities of anticipational activity of patients with idiopatic parkinsonism are studied using anticipational competence test. In 86,4% cases the deviations in anticipational activity in the form of spatial incompetence are revealed in females and in personal and situational - in males. Correlations of these disorders with age of patients and disease duration are not revealed. The diagnostic significance of anticipational possibilities of patients at subclinical stages of parkinsonism is noted. NEW CONCEPTS ON THE PHASE STRUCTURE OF THE CARDIAC CYCLEBased on experimental studies on dogs the cardiac cycle is divided into systole and diastole. The cardiac systole includes auricular and ventricular systole, and diastole includes auricular and ventricular diastole. The period of increase of intraventricular pressure is provided by auricular systole and phases of intraventricular blood transfer and isovolumic increase of intraventricular pressure. The expulsion period includes phases of maximum and reduced expulsion. The cardiac diastole begins in the phase of reduced expulsion and includes the periods of decrease of intraventricular pressure and filling ventricles including the phases of isovolumic decrease of intraventricular pressure, fast and slow filling. The physiologic essence of the phases of intraventricular transfer of intraventricular pressure, reduced expulsion and fast filling lies in reducing subendocardiac and subepicardiac myocardium layers, the phases of increase of intraventricular pressure and maximum expulsion in reducing essentially the circular layer. MECHANISMS OF GLUCOCORTICOID-INDUCED LYMPHOCYTE APOPTOSIS IN ATOPIC BRONCHIAL ASTHMAThe mechanisms of spontaneous and dexa-methasone-iniduced apoptosis of lymphocytes of patients with atopic form of bronchial asthma are studied. Lymphocytes of peripheric blood in donors are resistant to program celullar destruction process manifesting itself in the delayed fragmentation of desoxyribonucleic acid as compared with control. At the same time lymphocytes of patients with atopic form of bronchial asthma are sensitive to dexamethasone-induced apoptosis. The mechanism of dexamethasone-induced apoptosis is mitochondial-depended manifesting in the decrease of value of transmembrane potential of lymphocyte mitochondria and protein expression BcL-2. The decrease of value of transmembrane potential of lymphocyte mitochondria is the earliest feature of spontaneous and dexamethasone-induced apoptosis and phosphadyl-serine expression on the lymphocyte surface is reverse-dependent on the value of transmembrane potential of lymphocyte mitochondia. At the same time the apoptogenic effect of dexamethasone is not connected with its influence on the level of Fas-antigen expression. CLASTOGENIC AND ANTICLASTOGENIC ACTIVITY OF BLOOD PLASMA IN CHILDREN WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMAThe comparative study of clastogenic and anticlastogenic activity of blood plasma in healthy children and children with bronchial asthma is performed. Clastogenic activity of whole blood plasma and 50% plasma of healthy children and children with bronchial asthma is reliably different from spontaneous mutations level as opposed to the level of aberrations induced by 25% blood plasma of healthy children and children with bronchial asthma. The analysis of genoprotective activity showed that blood plasma of children with bronchial asthma has lower ability to reduce the level of abberations induced by ethylmethanesulphate, than blood plasma of healthy children. Anticlastogenic activity of blood plasma of children with bronchial asthma being lower than in healthy children indicates the decrease of activity of antimutagenic blood system in remission period in the presence of normal level of total IgE. DOXYCYCLINE ERADICATION OF CHLAMYDOPHILA PNEUMONIAE AND MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE IN BRONCHIAL ASTHMAThe efficiency of antimicrobic therapy of patients with bronchial asthma is studied in the clinical remission phase depending on infecting by Clamydophila pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. As many as 25 patients with bronchial asthma treated with doxycycline during six weeks in a dose 100 mg daily, were followed. It is established that patients with bronchial asthma beyond exacerbation have a high degree of latent persistence of Chlamydophila pneumoniae (72%) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (36%). When analyzing the results of antimicrobic therapy the inadequate efficiency of the used scheme of prescribing doxycycline is noted. A CASE OF ACUTE TUBERCULOSIS SEPSIS REVEALED IN POSTMORTEM STUDY OF THE CORPSEThe case of rapidly progressed complicated lung tuberculosis, manifested in delirium and amentia without meningeal signs and symptoms of affection of internal organs is described. The patient was erroneously admitted to neurologic, mental and neurosurgery hospitals, but aetiology of the disease was not found out during life time. The macroscopic examination of the corpse has not revealed any specific changes of organs (absence of typical tubercles), and only histological investigation has reveled tuberculosis alterations in lungs, adrenals, liver, spleen with affection of brain and spinal cord. Most of tuberculosis alterations were pregranulomatous, and generated granulomas were not numerous. PECULIARITIES OF HEMOSTASIS IN HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROMEThe state of hemostasis is studied in 131 patients with various severity of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Hypocoagulational disorders are characterized by development of various phases of disseminated intravascular blood coagulability syndrome. In moderate form of the disease in feverish period the hypercoagulational phase of disseminated intravascular blood coagulability syndrome was determined in 95,4% of patients, in oliguric period the hypocoagulational phase was determined in 68,2% of patients, in severe form - in 85,0% and 100,0% of patients, respectively. PATHOGNOMONIC SIGN OF UNSTABLE HEMOSTASIS IN ULCEROUS DUODENAL HEMORRHAGEIt is established that if in fibrogastroduodenoscopic examination the duodenal bulb is filled with large and friable thrombus, hemorrhage relapse excites apprehension. The urgent operative treatment is recommended in revealing this pattern. CLINICOANATOMIC CLASSIFICATION OF RETROPERITONEAL HEMATOMASThe clinicoanatomic classification of retroperitoneal hemorrhages in abdomen traumas based on three main criteria - anatomic, hemorrhage stress, its propagation, is developed. The classification suggested determines the diagnostic program and tactics of treating patients. ON RELAPAROTOMYThe analysis of 175 case records of patients who underwent 220 relaparotomies is presented. The causes of relaparotomies were: in 24,5% cases - early acute comissural ileus, in 23,6% cases - incompetence of the intestinal sutures and anastomoses of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, in 15% cases - uncured case of peritonitis. The operation result depends on the appropriate repeat intervention and chosen tactics. LOCAL BLOOD FLOW IN SUTURE REGION ON UTERUS IN CESAREAN SECTIONAfter cesarean section the microcirculation state intraoperationally in suture region on uterus depending on methods of reducing the dissected uterus wall as well as local blood flow in suture region on uterus during early postoperative period is estimated. It is established that optimal conditions of blood supply in suture region on uterus are made in using unsuccessive continuous suture with additional cooptation of wound edges by synthetic resolving suture materials. This operation method does not demand excessive thread intension, decreasing tissue compression degree and its transfer to adjacent regions. Adequate blood flow determines favourable course of early postoperative period making it possible to improve cesarean section results. KNOWLEDGE OF POPULATION ON TUBERCULOSISTo study knowledge of population on basic problems of tuberculosis prevention on the territory of Tatarstan Republic the sociologic investigation was performed. Its basic problems were as follows: the revealing of population groups inadequately informed on tuberculosis, the determination of the most effective information sources on tuberculosis, the study of relations between healthy persons and patients with tuberculosis, that is important for prophylaxis. Inadequate information of population on measures of tuberculosis prevention in many cases results in increasing its incidence rate. FORMATION OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR IN CHILDREN WITH SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASESThe results of studying the formation of sexual behaviour in children with sexually transmitted diseases are presented. Children with sexually transmitted diseases had conditions provoking the manifestation of early sexual activity more often then healthy children of their age. Among causes inducing to sexual contacts the first places are taken by compulsion, curiosity, material incentive. As many as 57,5% girls and 36,5% boys have never used barrier means of contraception. INCIDENCE RATE AND CLINICAL PECULIARITIES OF ALLERGIC RHINITIS IN THE ECOLOGICALLY UNFAVOURABLE REGION OF INDUSTRIAL CENTERIn the ecologically unfavourable region of Samara allergic rhinitis manifests itself in nose itch, sneezing attacks with mucous secretion and nose block in 20,4%. Incidence rate of pollinosis was 4%, pollinosis with all-the-year-round domestic sensibilization was 2%. The most wide-spread allergens in this region were the allergens of domestic and epidermal groups, the pollen allergens - weed allergens. In population of the ecologically unfavourable region the decrease of indices of local immunity and inspecific resistance of organism (levels of secretory IgA, lysozyme, complement activity) is noted, that is why allergic rhinitis is often combined with particular respiratory infections of viral, bacterial and fungous origin. © 1995-2008 Kazan State University |